Nokea
Which form of epithelial tissue may be found in the upper respiratory system (URS)?
- A. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
- B. moist cuboidal epithelium.
- C. simple squamous epithelium.
- D. stratified squamous epithelium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: The upper respiratory system requires protection and mucus secretion.
Step 2: Pseudostratified epithelium provides protection and has cilia for moving mucus.
Step 3: Ciliated columnar cells help sweep mucus and debris out of the respiratory tract.
Step 4: Therefore, pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is the correct choice.
Summary:
B: Moist cuboidal epithelium lacks cilia and isn't specialized for mucus clearance.
C: Simple squamous epithelium is too thin and fragile for protection.
D: Stratified squamous epithelium is more suited for areas with high mechanical stress.
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A nurse is providing tracheostomy care. What action by the nurse requires intervention by the charge nurse?
- A. Holding the device securely when changing ties
- B. Suctioning the client first if secretions are present
- C. Tying a square knot at the back of the neck
- D. Using half-strength peroxide for cleansing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Tying a square knot at the back of the neck is incorrect because it can be too tight and cause discomfort or restrict airflow. A is correct as holding the device securely is necessary for safety. B is correct as suctioning before changing ties prevents aspiration. D is correct as using half-strength peroxide is appropriate for cleaning. Tying a square knot can lead to complications, making it the action that requires intervention.
Which information from a client helps the nurse confirm the previous diagnosis of chronic stable angina?
- A. The pain wakes me up at night.
- B. The pain is level 3 to 5 (0 to 10 scale).
- C. The pain has gotten worse over the last week.
- D. The pain goes away after I stop jogging.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because chronic stable angina is characterized by chest pain or discomfort that is triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress and relieved by rest or medication. Therefore, the fact that the pain goes away after stopping jogging aligns with the typical pattern of chronic stable angina.
A: The pain waking the client up at night is more indicative of unstable angina or a heart attack.
B: The level of pain on a scale does not provide conclusive evidence of chronic stable angina.
C: Pain worsening over time may suggest unstable angina or a heart attack rather than chronic stable angina.
cochlea's have how many fluid filled chamber?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cochlea has 3 fluid-filled chambers: the scala vestibuli, scala media, and scala tympani. These chambers are essential for hearing as they contain different fluids (perilymph and endolymph) that help transmit sound vibrations. Choice A (1 chamber) is incorrect as the cochlea has multiple distinct chambers. Choice B (2 chambers) is incorrect as it does not accurately reflect the anatomical structure of the cochlea. Choice D (4 chambers) is incorrect as the cochlea typically consists of 3 chambers, not 4. Therefore, the correct answer is C (3 chambers) based on the accurate anatomical structure of the cochlea.
during rest state normal breathing called
- A. Breathing
- B. diaphragmatic
- C. Diaphragmatic breathing
- D. non
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diaphragmatic breathing. During rest, normal breathing involves the diaphragm contracting and moving downward to draw air into the lungs. This type of breathing is known as diaphragmatic breathing. Choice A (Breathing) is too broad and does not specify the involvement of the diaphragm. Choice B (Diaphragmatic) does not fully describe the process of breathing during rest. Choice D (Non) is incorrect as it does not provide any information related to the breathing process during rest state. Therefore, C is the most accurate choice as it specifically identifies the type of breathing that occurs during rest.
Carbonic anhydrase
- A. combines with water to form carbonic acid
- B. dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
- C. is normally found in red blood cells.
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. It is indeed found in red blood cells, aiding in CO2 transport. Therefore, all the statements are true, making option D the correct answer.