Nokea
The lungs move easily within their protective sacs due to
- A. intrapleural fluid.
- B. leaking plasma.
- C. blood.
- D. mucus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: intrapleural fluid. Intrapleural fluid reduces friction between the lungs and the chest wall, allowing them to move easily during breathing. This fluid creates a lubricated surface that facilitates smooth movement. Leaking plasma (B) and mucus (D) do not provide the necessary lubrication for lung movement. Blood (C) plays a role in oxygen exchange but does not directly contribute to the ease of lung movement within the pleural sacs.
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Which one is a Non-reversible pulmonary disease in which the bronchi are blocked with mucous and infection and rupture of alveoli
- A. Silicosis
- B. Asphyxia
- C. Emphysema
- D. Embolism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Emphysema is the correct answer because it is a non-reversible pulmonary disease characterized by the destruction of lung tissue, leading to the blockage of bronchioles and rupture of alveoli. This results in difficulty breathing and reduced oxygen exchange. Silicosis (A) is caused by inhaling silica dust, not related to bronchial blockage. Asphyxia (B) is a condition of suffocation, not related to pulmonary disease. Embolism (D) is the blockage of a blood vessel by a clot, not specific to the bronchi or alveoli.
A nurse is assessing clients on a rehabilitation unit. Which client is not at risk for airway loss related to aspirated oral and nasopharyngeal secretions?
- A. A 24 year old with a traumatic brain injury
- B. A 36 year old who fractured his left femur
- C. A 58 year old getting radiation therapy
- D. A 66 year old who is a quadriplegic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, a 36-year-old who fractured his left femur. This client is not at risk for airway loss related to aspirated secretions because a femur fracture does not directly impact the airway or swallowing function. Traumatic brain injury (choice A), radiation therapy (choice C), and quadriplegia (choice D) can all impair the client's ability to protect their airway and increase the risk of aspirating secretions. Therefore, these clients are at higher risk compared to the client with a femur fracture.
Factors affecting the release of oxygen from hemoglobin can be visualized by using a
- A. spirograph
- B. pulmonary volume chart
- C. respiratory cycle chart
- D. oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve. This is because the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve graphically depicts the relationship between the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen and the partial pressure of oxygen. This curve helps visualize factors affecting oxygen release, such as pH, temperature, and carbon dioxide levels.
A: Spirograph is a tool used for drawing geometric shapes and has no relevance to hemoglobin oxygen release.
B: Pulmonary volume chart is used to measure lung volumes and capacities, not specifically related to hemoglobin oxygen release.
C: Respiratory cycle chart may show breathing patterns but does not directly visualize factors affecting oxygen release from hemoglobin.
In summary, the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve is the most appropriate tool for visualizing factors influencing oxygen release from hemoglobin, making it the correct choice over the other options.
The nurse is caring for a patient with advanced emphysema. Which sign isn't manifestations of this disorder?
- A. Productive cough
- B. Dyspnea
- C. Barrel chest
- D. Wheezing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Wheezing. Emphysema is characterized by destruction of lung tissue, leading to air trapping and decreased airflow. Wheezing is typically associated with asthma or bronchitis, not emphysema. A: Productive cough is common in emphysema due to increased mucus production. B: Dyspnea (shortness of breath) is a hallmark symptom of emphysema due to impaired gas exchange. C: Barrel chest is a physical finding in emphysema caused by hyperinflation of the lungs.
The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately
- A. 40 mm Hg
- B. 45 mm Hg
- C. 50 mm Hg
- D. 70 mm Hg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 40 mm Hg. In peripheral tissues, oxygen is delivered by the blood through capillaries. The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is lower than in the blood, around 40 mm Hg. This allows for the diffusion of oxygen from capillaries to cells. Choice B (45 mm Hg) and C (50 mm Hg) are slightly higher pressures and would not promote efficient oxygen diffusion. Choice D (70 mm Hg) is closer to arterial blood oxygen levels and would not allow sufficient oxygen release to tissues. Thus, the correct answer is A as it reflects the physiological conditions necessary for effective oxygen delivery to cells.