Nokea
Which functional cell of the nervous system is responsible for transmission of information from one cell to another?
- A. nerves
- B. neurons
- C. ganglions
- D. glial cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the nervous system. They are the primary functional units of the nervous system, responsible for processing and transmitting information to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
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A 63-year-old patient with PD has done well on rasagiline 1 mg once a day and ropinirole 4 mg three times a day for several years. In the past, higher doses of ropinirole resulted in excessive drowsiness. He now needs more symptom relief. The best recommendation would be to:
- A. Add carbidopa/levodopa.
- B. Add entacapone.
- C. Add pramipexole.
- D. Consider DBS surgery.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adding carbidopa/levodopa can provide additional symptom relief without increasing the risk of drowsiness associated with higher doses of ropinirole.
Nurse Anderson is preparing to conduct an initial assessment of Mrs. Green, a 63-year-old woman admitted with Parkinson's Disease. She collaborates with the dietician to tailor Mrs. Green's diet, especially considering her medication, levodopa. Nurse Anderson discusses with the dietician about which type of food should be limited or avoided for a patient taking levodopa. What type of food should they focus on?
- A. Food rich in Vitamin B6.
- B. Food rich in Thiamine.
- C. Food rich in Vitamin E.
- D. Food rich in Vitamin C.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin B6 can interfere with the effectiveness of levodopa, so it should be limited in the diet of PD patients.
True statements about aldosterone include:
- A. it increases the amount of Na+-K+ ATPase in the target cells
- B. it reduces the sodium content of the sweat
- C. it increases the acidity of urine
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone increases Na+-K+ ATPase activity in target cells, promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. It also reduces sodium loss in sweat and increases urine acidity by promoting hydrogen ion excretion. These actions help regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
The limbic system includes the:
- A. amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus
- B. hypothalamus, medulla, hippocampus
- C. hippocampus, pons, thalamus
- D. cerebellum, pons, hypothalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The limbic system is a group of brain structures involved in emotion, memory, and motivation. It includes the amygdala, which processes fear and emotional responses; the hypothalamus, which regulates hormones and homeostasis; and the hippocampus, which is essential for forming and retrieving memories. These structures work together to integrate emotional and cognitive processes, playing a key role in behavior and survival.
The ability to respond to a stimulus is termed:
- A. polarized
- B. irritability
- C. depolarized
- D. conductivity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Irritability is the ability of a neuron or cell to respond to a stimulus. Polarization and depolarization refer to the electrical state of the membrane, conductivity refers to the ability to transmit signals, and all-or-none response refers to the nature of action potentials. Therefore, B is the correct answer.