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Which Glasgow Coma Scale rating would a patient receive who opens the eyes spontaneously, but has incomprehensible speech and obeys commands for movement?
- A. 8
- B. 10
- C. 11
- D. 12
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Glasgow Coma Scale was developed in 1974, and it consists of three parts of the neurologic assessment: eye opening, best motor response, and best verbal response. This patient gets a 4 for eye opening, a 2 for incomprehensible speech, and a 6 for moving on demand.
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A frantic family member is distressed about the flaccid paralysis of a relative following a spinal cord injury several hours ago. Which fact does the nurse know about this condition?
- A. It is an ominous indicator of permanent paralysis.
- B. It is possibly a temporary condition and will clear.
- C. It degenerates into a spastic paralysis.
- D. It will progress up the cord to cause seizures.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A period of flaccid paralysis following a cord injury is called areflexia, or spinal shock, and may be temporary.
In which way will a nurse record the behavior when a patient with Alzheimer's disease attempts to eat using a napkin rather than a fork?
- A. Apraxia
- B. Agnosia
- C. Aphasia
- D. Dysphagia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Agnosia is a total or partial loss of the ability to recognize familiar objects or people through sensory stimuli as a result of organic brain damage.
Which divisions are the two divisions of the nervous system?
- A. Somatic and the autonomic
- B. Cerebellum and the brainstem
- C. Medulla oblongata and the diencephalon
- D. Central and the peripheral
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The central and the peripheral are the two divisions of the nervous system. The autonomic and the somatic are the division of the peripheral nervous system.
___ is/are responsible for the transmission of impulses between synapses.
Correct Answer: Neurotransmitters
Rationale: Neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) function to conduct transmission between the synapses.
The newly admitted patient to the emergency room 30 minutes ago after a fall off a ladder has gradually decreased in consciousness and has slowly reacting pupils, a widening pulse pressure, and verbal responses that are slow and unintelligible. Which position is most appropriate for the patient?
- A. Neck placed in a neutral position.
- B. Head raised slightly with hips flexed.
- C. Supine in gravity neutral position.
- D. Turn on right side with head elevated.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient is experiencing increased intracranial pressure. To assist with reducing the intracranial pressure, place the patient's neck in a neutral position (not flexed or extended) to promote venous drainage.