Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

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A 30-year-old woman presents with cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. On pelvic ultrasound, a chocolate cyst is visualized within the ovary. Which of the following conditions is most likely to be responsible for these findings?

  • A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
  • B. Endometriosis
  • C. Ovarian torsion
  • D. Ovarian cyst rupture
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The scenario described in the question is most indicative of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a gynecological condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus. Classic symptoms of endometriosis include cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and infertility. The presence of a "chocolate cyst" (also known as an endometrioma) within the ovary on pelvic ultrasound is a characteristic finding in endometriosis. These cysts are filled with old blood, giving them a dark, chocolate-like appearance on imaging. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) typically presents with irregular periods, signs of hyperandrogenism, and multiple small follicles on ultrasound. Ovarian torsion and ovarian cyst rupture would present with acute-onset symptoms and may not necessarily be associated with cyclic pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea as described in the

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Which of the following is a common complication associated with hip fracture in elderly patients?

  • A. Compartment syndrome
  • B. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head
  • C. Dislocation of the hip prosthesis
  • D. Volkmann's contracture
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Avascular necrosis of the femoral head, also known as osteonecrosis, is a common complication associated with hip fractures in elderly patients. It occurs when there is a loss of blood supply to the femoral head following the fracture, leading to bone tissue death. This can result in pain, limitation of motion, and potentially the collapse of the femoral head, causing further complications. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial in order to prevent further degeneration of the hip joint. Other complications such as compartment syndrome, dislocation of the hip prosthesis, and Volkmann's contracture are not typically associated with hip fractures in elderly patients.

A patient is having elective surgery under general anesthesia. Who is responsible for obtaining the informed-consent?

  • A. Surgeon
  • B. Nurse anesthetist
  • C. Nurse
  • D. Anesthesiologist
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary responsibility for obtaining informed consent lies with the surgeon who will be performing the procedure. Informed consent is a process where the healthcare provider explains the procedure, benefits, risks, and alternatives to the patient, allowing them to make an informed decision about their care. While other healthcare team members may also participate in this process, the ultimate responsibility typically rests with the surgeon as they are the one performing the surgery.

As a newly 1icensed nurse employed in a tertiary hospital, you are required to attend Continuing Professional Development (CPD) program. When the training program is for the enrichment of nurses in the hospital, it is called __________.

  • A. informal training program
  • B. formal education program
  • C. self-directed
  • D. In-service training program
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In-service training programs are specifically designed to provide continuing education and professional development for employees within a particular organization, in this case, a hospital. These programs are tailored to meet the needs of the staff and enhance their skills and knowledge within their work environment. Since the CPD program in the tertiary hospital is aimed at enriching and supporting the growth of the nurses' knowledge and expertise within the hospital setting, it falls under the category of an in-service training program.

A nurse is caring for a patient with limited English proficiency. What action should the nurse take to ensure effective communication with the patient?

  • A. Speak loudly and slowly to help the patient understand
  • B. Use medical jargon to convey information more efficiently
  • C. Obtain interpreter services or language assistance as needed
  • D. Ignore the patient's language barriers and focus on nonverbal communication
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should obtain interpreter services or language assistance as needed to ensure effective communication with a patient who has limited English proficiency. Using an interpreter will facilitate clear and accurate communication between the nurse and the patient, enabling the patient to fully understand their care, treatment, and any instructions provided. Speaking loudly or slowly, using medical jargon, or ignoring the language barriers are not effective strategies for communicating with a patient who has limited English proficiency. Utilizing interpreter services demonstrates respect for the patient's language and cultural needs, which is essential for providing high-quality care.

Nurse Noli should include in his teachings the following EXCEPT:

  • A. Less saturated fat
  • B. Weight within normal limits
  • C. Exercise regularly
  • D. More fats in the diet
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nurse Noli should include in his teachings less saturated fat, maintaining weight within normal limits, and exercising regularly as these are all components of a healthy lifestyle. However, including "more fats in the diet" goes against the principles of healthy eating and weight management. Consuming excessive amounts of fats, especially unhealthy saturated fats, can contribute to various health issues such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and other medical conditions. Therefore, it is crucial for Nurse Noli to emphasize reducing saturated fat intake rather than promoting more fats in the diet for overall health and wellness.

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