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Which of the following actions is appropriate for managing a conscious patient with a suspected heat cramp?
- A. Massaging the affected muscles vigorously.
- B. Applying cold packs to the affected area.
- C. Providing oral rehydration with electrolyte solutions.
- D. Encouraging the patient to continue strenuous activity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Providing oral rehydration with electrolyte solutions is the appropriate action for managing a conscious patient with suspected heat cramps. Heat cramps are muscle pains or spasms that often occur during intense exercise in hot environments when a person sweats excessively, losing both fluids and electrolytes. Replenishing lost fluids and electrolytes through oral rehydration helps address the underlying cause of the cramps and provides relief to the patient. Massaging the affected muscles vigorously can potentially worsen the condition, applying cold packs is not usually recommended for heat-related conditions, and encouraging the patient to continue strenuous activity can lead to further complications.
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In assessing the health condition of school children which of the following would be the finding common to this age group?
- A. Cancer and other malignancies
- B. Anemia and other blood disorders
- C. Lice and parasites
- D. Fractures and injuries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In assessing the health condition of school children, anemia and other blood disorders are more commonly observed in this age group compared to cancer, lice, parasites, fractures, and injuries. Anemia is a common health issue among children due to various factors such as poor nutrition, iron deficiency, and infections. Regular screening for anemia is important in school-age children to prevent long-term complications and to promote their overall health and well-being. While cancer, lice, parasites, fractures, and injuries can also occur in school children, anemia and blood disorders are more prevalent in this age group.
You encounter a conscious adult choking on a piece of food. The person is coughing forcefully but unable to speak or breathe effectively. What is the most appropriate action?
- A. Encourage continued coughing.
- B. Perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver).
- C. Deliver back blows.
- D. Administer rescue breaths.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate action in this situation is to perform abdominal thrusts, also known as the Heimlich maneuver. This technique is used to clear a blocked airway caused by a choking obstruction. Encouraging continued coughing may not be effective if the person is unable to dislodge the obstruction on their own. Delivering back blows can sometimes be effective, but abdominal thrusts are more commonly recommended in cases of choking in adults. Administering rescue breaths is not recommended if the person is conscious and able to cough, as it may worsen the situation by pushing the obstruction further down. By quickly performing abdominal thrusts, you can help dislodge the obstruction and potentially save the person's life.
A nurse is caring for a patient with limited English proficiency. What action should the nurse take to ensure effective communication with the patient?
- A. Speak loudly and slowly to help the patient understand
- B. Use medical jargon to convey information more efficiently
- C. Obtain interpreter services or language assistance as needed
- D. Ignore the patient's language barriers and focus on nonverbal communication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should obtain interpreter services or language assistance as needed to ensure effective communication with a patient who has limited English proficiency. Using an interpreter will facilitate clear and accurate communication between the nurse and the patient, enabling the patient to fully understand their care, treatment, and any instructions provided. Speaking loudly or slowly, using medical jargon, or ignoring the language barriers are not effective strategies for communicating with a patient who has limited English proficiency. Utilizing interpreter services demonstrates respect for the patient's language and cultural needs, which is essential for providing high-quality care.
Mrs. Carpio has an order of Thiazide diuretics for her edema. The following is the entry that you expect to be written in her progress report EXCEPT ______.
- A. Serum electrolyte monitored everyday
- B. Intake and output done every shift
- C. Weight taken before drug is administered
- D. Drug is administered at 8o'clock in the evening
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The entry you expect to be written in Mrs. Carpio's progress report should include details related to monitoring her response to the Thiazide diuretics and ensuring her safety. Options A, B, and C all focus on these aspects by monitoring serum electrolytes, intake and output, and weight before drug administration, which are important considerations when a patient is on Thiazide diuretics. However, specifying the time of drug administration (8 o'clock in the evening) is not necessary in the progress report entry. The focus should be on the patient's response to the medication and the associated monitoring parameters. Time of administration is more relevant for nursing care plans or medication schedules.
Which IMPORTANT Information the nurse should inform the public about rabies?
- A. It could be prevented
- B. It is an ordinary disease
- C. Rabies is not deadly
- D. It kills
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should inform the public that rabies can be prevented. This is an extremely important piece of information to help raise awareness about the disease and promote preventive measures such as timely vaccination of both animals and humans. Rabies is a deadly viral infection that affects the central nervous system, and prevention through vaccination is highly effective in controlling its spread. By emphasizing the preventability of rabies, the nurse can educate the public on the importance of taking proactive steps to avoid contracting the disease.