Nokea
Which hormone is essential for milk production?
- A. Estrogen
- B. Prolactin
- C. Progesterone
- D. Lactogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone essential for milk production in the mammary glands. It stimulates the production of milk by the alveoli in the breast tissue. Estrogen and progesterone are involved in the preparation of breast tissue during pregnancy, but they do not directly stimulate milk production. Lactogen is another name for human placental lactogen, which is not directly involved in milk production but plays a role in regulating maternal metabolism during pregnancy.
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The most effective time to initiate breast-feeding is in which stage of reactivity for the neonate?
- A. period of decreased reactivity
- B. first period of reactivity
- C. second period of reactivity
- D. after the end of the second period of reactivity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first period of reactivity is optimal for initiating breastfeeding due to the newborn's alertness.
What assessment findings doesn't indicate abnormal transition in a neonate?
- A. prolonged apneic episodes
- B. marked pallor
- C. blue hands and feet oral secretions
- D. crackles upon auscultation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: blue hands and feet oral secretions. This choice doesn't indicate an abnormal transition in a neonate because blue hands and feet and oral secretions are common normal findings in newborns due to immature circulatory and respiratory systems. Prolonged apneic episodes (A) can indicate respiratory distress, marked pallor (B) can indicate anemia or poor perfusion, and crackles upon auscultation (D) can indicate respiratory issues. Therefore, C is the correct answer as it is a normal finding in neonates.
A nurse is assessing an infant who has a large bruise around his neck and face from a nuchal cord. What other assessment finding correlates with this condition?
- A. Elevated serum bilirubin
- B. Irritability with gentle handing
- C. Large-for-gestational-age measurements
- D. Obvious vertebral defects
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infants born with a nuchal cord often demonstrate significant bruising to the face and neck. This may be upsetting to the parents. Irritability with handling might be related to damage from birth trauma. Large-for-gestational-age infants often have bruising related to extraction techniques during a difficult birth. Obvious vertebral defects are associated with neural tube anomalies and can be seen in children with hairy pigmented skin lesions and hairy nevi located in the posterior midline area near the spinal column.
The nurse enters the room of a patient who just gave birth 2 days ago to a healthy newborn. The nurse asks her what her newborn's name is and she shrugs and says, 'I haven't thought about a name yet.' What priority is the nurse most concerned about with this patient?
- A. The patient has not transitioned from the fourth stage of labor.
- B. Parent-to-newborn attachment may be a concern.
- C. The mother may be contemplating suicide.
- D. Different cultural practices.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parent-to-newborn attachment may be a concern. The nurse is most concerned about the lack of bonding or attachment between the mother and her newborn, as indicated by the mother not having thought about a name yet. This lack of interest or engagement with the newborn could potentially impact the mother's ability to form a healthy attachment, which is crucial for the newborn's well-being. The nurse should prioritize assessing and supporting the mother in developing a bond with her baby.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect:
A: The patient not naming the newborn does not indicate she has not transitioned from the fourth stage of labor.
C: There is no evidence to suggest that the mother may be contemplating suicide based solely on her not naming the newborn.
D: Different cultural practices do not seem to be the primary concern in this scenario compared to the potential lack of parent-to-newborn attachment.
The nurse holds an infant upright and allows his feet to brush the surface of the examination table. Which of the following is the normal reflex response to this stimulation?
- A. Draws legs up tight against the lower abdomen
- B. Extends legs straight against the pressure
- C. Makes stepping actions with both feet
- D. Toes curl in then fan outward symmetrically
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The stepping reflex occurs when the infant is held upright and his or her feet brush a horizontal surface distal to the feet. Drawing the legs up tight against the lower abdomen would be an abnormal response. Extending the legs against pressure is a positive magnet reflex. Curling the toes in, then fanning them outward, is a positive Babinski reflex.