Nokea
Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood sugar levels?
- A. Glucagon
- B. Insulin
- C. Adrenaline
- D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin is the hormone responsible for lowering blood sugar levels. It is produced by the pancreas and facilitates the entry of glucose into cells, thereby reducing blood sugar levels. Glucagon, adrenaline, and cortisol have roles in increasing blood sugar levels through various mechanisms. Glucagon raises blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose, adrenaline increases blood sugar in fight-or-flight responses, and cortisol raises blood sugar levels as part of the stress response. Therefore, in the context of lowering blood sugar levels, insulin is the correct answer.
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In the body, muscle tissue is involved in which of the following functions?
- A. Generation of body heat
- B. Joint stabilization
- C. Maintenance of posture
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Muscle tissue serves multiple functions in the body, including the generation of body heat, joint stabilization, and maintenance of posture. These functions are essential for movement, stability, and overall bodily functions. The correct answer is 'All of the above' because muscle tissue plays a key role in each of these vital functions. The generation of body heat occurs through muscle activity, joint stabilization is achieved by muscles surrounding joints, and maintaining posture involves muscle contraction to support the body's position. Therefore, all the listed functions are interconnected and rely on the proper functioning of muscle tissue.
Which of the following is a property of amphiprotic substances?
- A. React with acids only
- B. React with bases only
- C. Can act as both acids and bases
- D. Are inert in chemical reactions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Can act as both acids and bases. Amphiprotic substances have the ability to donate a proton (act as an acid) or accept a proton (act as a base) depending on the reaction conditions. This dual nature allows them to participate in a wide range of chemical reactions, making them versatile and important in various chemical processes. Choices A and B are incorrect because amphiprotic substances are not limited to reacting with only acids or bases; they can interact with both. Choice D is incorrect because amphiprotic substances are not inert; they actively participate in chemical reactions by donating or accepting protons.
Which of the following pathologies is caused by a virus?
- A. Asthma
- B. Cystic Fibrosis
- C. Epiglottitis
- D. Influenza
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Influenza. Influenza is a viral infection caused by the influenza virus. Asthma and cystic fibrosis are not caused by viruses. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition related to inflammation and airway constriction, while cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and other organs. Epiglottitis is most commonly caused by bacteria, particularly Haemophilus influenzae type B, rather than a virus.
In the context of the cardiac cycle, what does the P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represent?
- A. Atrial depolarization
- B. Ventricular depolarization
- C. Atrial repolarization
- D. Ventricular repolarization
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents atrial depolarization, which signifies the electrical activation of the atria as they prepare to contract. During the cardiac cycle, atrial depolarization occurs first, leading to atrial contraction. Ventricular depolarization is represented by the QRS complex, not the P wave. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the P wave specifically corresponds to atrial depolarization, not ventricular depolarization, atrial repolarization, or ventricular repolarization.
In which group of the periodic table are alkali metals located?
- A. Group 1
- B. Group 2
- C. Group 7
- D. Group 8
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alkali metals, such as lithium, sodium, and potassium, are located in Group 1 of the periodic table. This group is known for its highly reactive properties, low melting points, and the tendency to form alkaline solutions when they react with water. Group 2 consists of alkaline earth metals and not alkali metals, making choice B incorrect. Group 7 includes halogens, while Group 8 includes noble gases. These groups do not contain alkali metals, so choices C and D are also incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is Group 1.