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Which indicates a person selected on the client’s behalf to make medical decisions when the client cannot?
- A. Durable power of attorney for healthcare
- B. Living will
- C. Advance directive
- D. Informed consent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A durable power of attorney for healthcare designates a proxy decision-maker, ensuring the client's wishes are honored.
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Which BMI is typically associated with anorexia nervosa?
- A. Increase protein intake
- B. Reduce carbohydrate consumption
- C. Drink more water
- D. Take vitamin supplements
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it is the most appropriate response based on physiological and medical principles.
Which statements are correct for lithium?
- A. Effective for all
- B. Has a delay of 10 to 28 days in achieving therapeutic benefits
- C. Has a narrow range of safety between a therapeutic serum level and toxic levels
- D. May be therapeutic when administered in combination with any other drugs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lithium has a narrow therapeutic window, requiring careful monitoring to prevent toxicity.
What is the priority intervention for a patient admitted to your unit diagnosed with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
- A. Develop a method of communication.
- B. Provide six small meals high in protein and assist with feeding.
- C. Do not involve the patient in decisions about his healthcare because he is not in the mental state to respond.
- D. Provide six normal meals high in protein and assist with feeding.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Communication becomes critical as ALS progresses and affects motor functions.
The patient will be placed under moderate sedation to allow realignment of a fracture in the emergency department. When the family asks about this anesthesia, what should the nurse tell them?
- A. Includes inhalation agents
- B. Induces high levels of sedation
- C. Frequently used for traumatic injuries
- D. Patients remain responsive and breathe without assistance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Moderate sedation keeps patients responsive and maintains spontaneous breathing.
The nurse is caring for a client with cirrhosis of the liver with ascites. When instructing nursing assistants in the care of the client, the nurse should emphasize that:
- A. The client should remain on bed rest in a semi-Fowler's position.
- B. The client should alternate ambulation with bed rest with legs elevated.
- C. The client may ambulate and sit in chair as tolerated.
- D. The client may ambulate as tolerated and remain in semi-Fowlers positioning bed.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Semi-Fowler's position aids in breathing and reduces pressure on the abdomen.