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Which individual has not met the criteria for involuntary commitment to a mental health facility?
- A. A teenager who has threatened to shoot himself if his girlfriend leaves him
- B. A young adult who is 20% below normal weight as a result of dramatically restricting food
- C. An older adult found wandering in the mall who is unable to provide his name
- D. An adult who reports that he drinks way too much in order to forget the abuse he's endured
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because excessive alcohol consumption, while harmful, does not inherently meet the criteria for involuntary commitment. Step 1: Involuntary commitment typically requires imminent danger to self or others. Step 2: While excessive alcohol consumption is concerning, it does not necessarily indicate immediate danger. Step 3: Choices A, B, and C all involve behaviors or conditions that pose a more immediate risk, such as threats of self-harm, severe physical health issues, or disorientation. Thus, D is the only option where the behavior does not meet the criteria for involuntary commitment.
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An older adult with Lewy body dementia lives with family and attends a day care center. A nurse at the day care center noticed the adult had a disheveled appearance, strong odor of urine, and bruises on the limbs and back. What type of abuse might be occurring?
- A. Psychological
- B. Financial
- C. Physical
- D. Sexual
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lewy body dementia results in cognitive impairment. The assessment of physical abuse would be supported by the nurses observation of bruises. Physical abuse includes evidence of improper care as well as physical endangerment behaviors, such as reckless behavior toward a vulnerable person that could lead to serious injury. No data substantiate the other options.
You are running a caregiver support group for those who are caring for a person with impaired cognition related to Alzheimer's disease. You are planning a session on the stages of Alzheimer's disease, its progression and some useful helpful tips for these participating care givers. Which of the following elements should you include in this session?
- A. According to the Global Deterioration Scale, clients in the first stage of Alzheimer's disease tend to cover up their failing abilities
- B. According to the Reisberg Scale, clients in the first stage of Alzheimer's disease tend to cover up their failing abilities
- C. According to the Global Deterioration Scale, clients in the third stage of Alzheimer's disease tend to cover up their failing abilities
- D. According to the Reisberg Scale, clients in the fourth stage of Alzheimer's disease tend to cover up their failing abilities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Global Deterioration Scale (A) notes denial in stage 1.
A patient with AIDS is prescribed the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine (Epivir). What information should the nurse ensure that the patient receives about this medication? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Report any onset of bleeding.
- B. Report any yellowing of the skin.
- C. Report any change in urine output.
- D. Report any symptoms similar to having the flu.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Lamivudine (Epivir) can cause hepatotoxicity, leading to yellowing of the skin (jaundice).
Step 2: Yellowing of the skin is a serious side effect that should be reported immediately to prevent further liver damage.
Step 3: Reporting yellowing of the skin promptly allows for timely evaluation and necessary interventions.
Summary: Reporting bleeding, change in urine output, or flu-like symptoms are not specific to lamivudine and are not directly related to its side effects. Yellowing of the skin is a critical side effect that requires immediate attention.
Reinforcer function as a reward
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Both
- D. None of these
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Primary (innate) and secondary (learned) reinforcers reward behavior.
Name some paradoxical ways in which people resist oppression.
- A. Violence, protests, and legal action
- B. Passive resistance, humor, community strength
- C. Submission, obedience, and silence
- D. Manipulation, deceit, and coercion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Passive resistance, humor, and community-building are paradoxical as they appear weak but defy control effectively.