Nokea
Which of the following statements is TRUE of Quality Improvement?
- A. Focuses on the organizational structure than patient care
- B. Continually improve every process in the organization.
- C. Centered on people rather than processes.
- D. An approach that is externally driven by the stakeholders.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Quality Improvement is a systematic approach that aims to continually enhance the quality of services or products within an organization. The statement that is true of Quality Improvement is that it focuses on continually improving every process in the organization (Option B). This includes processes related to patient care, organizational structure, and all aspects of operations. Quality Improvement involves identifying areas for improvement, implementing changes, monitoring the effectiveness of those changes, and then making further refinements. By focusing on every process within the organization, Quality Improvement helps drive positive outcomes and ensures sustainable improvements in quality and performance.
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Which of the following can be a MAJOR PROBLEM for a patient with tracheostomy?
- A. Breathing
- B. Swallowing
- C. Ingesting
- D. Singing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Having a tracheostomy means that a patient has an artificial opening in their neck to help them breathe. Therefore, any issues related to breathing, such as blockages in the tracheostomy tube or difficulty in clearing secretions, can pose a major problem for a patient with a tracheostomy. It is crucial to monitor the patient's respiratory status closely and intervene promptly if any breathing difficulties arise to prevent potential respiratory distress or complications.
A profession is characterized by the following except:
- A. Body of knowledge
- B. Code of ethics
- C. member of professional organization
- D. Engages in research
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A profession is characterized by having a body of knowledge, a code of ethics, and engaging in research. However, being a member of a professional organization is not a defining characteristic of a profession. While many professionals may choose to join professional organizations for networking, support, and career advancement reasons, membership in such organizations is not universally required or exclusive to being considered a professional in a particular field. Hence, the presence or absence of professional organization membership does not determine the professional status of an individual.
A patient presents with chest pain, dyspnea, and a friction rub heard on auscultation. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows diffuse ST-segment elevation. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Stable angina
- B. Unstable angina
- C. Acute myocardial infarction
- D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The clinical presentation of chest pain, dyspnea, and a friction rub heard on auscultation is suggestive of pericarditis. The diffuse ST-segment elevation seen on the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a classic finding in pericarditis, known as the "universal sign." In contrast, stable angina typically presents with chest pain on exertion that is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, while unstable angina presents with chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion. Acute myocardial infarction would typically present with ST-segment elevation in specific leads correlating with the area of myocardial ischemia/infarction. However, in the context of diffuse ST-segment elevation and symptoms suggestive of inflammation (friction rub), the most likely diagnosis is pericarditis.
A patient presents with gradual-onset memory loss, impaired judgment, and personality changes. Over time, the patient develops difficulty with language, motor function, and coordination. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Parkinson's disease
- B. Alzheimer's disease
- C. Huntington's disease
- D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The symptoms described such as memory loss, impaired judgment, personality changes, difficulty with language, motor function, and coordination all point towards Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects memory and cognitive functions. Over time, it leads to severe impairment in daily activities and overall functioning. While Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and ALS can also present with neurological symptoms, the combination of gradual-onset memory loss, cognitive decline, and functional impairments seen in this scenario is most characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.
Which of the following IS TRUE about osteoporosis
- A. it is a silent disease
- B. It is more common in men
- C. it is not that alarming
- D. It is only discovered after a fracture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osteoporosis is known as a "silent disease" because it develops slowly over time without any symptoms. Many people with osteoporosis are unaware of their condition until they experience a fracture. The loss of bone density and strength in osteoporosis occurs without any obvious warning signs, making it important for individuals at risk to undergo bone density testing to identify the condition early and prevent further bone loss.