Nokea
Which interventions should the nurse discuss with the client diagnosed with atherosclerosis? Select all that apply.
- A. Include the significant other in the discussion.
- B. Stop smoking or using any type of tobacco products.
- C. Maintain a sedentary lifestyle as much as possible.
- D. Avoid stressful situations.
- E. Daily isometric exercises are important.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Including significant other (A), stopping smoking (B), and avoiding stress (D) reduce atherosclerosis risk. Sedentary lifestyle (C) worsens it, and isometric exercises (E) increase BP.
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Which assessment finding in a client with heart failure indicates pulmonary edema?
- A. Crackles in the lung bases
- B. Dry, nonproductive cough
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Warm, dry skin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crackles in the lung bases indicate fluid in the alveoli, a hallmark of pulmonary edema.
Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor closely in a client with heart failure? Select all that apply.
- A. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- B. Serum potassium
- C. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- D. Hemoglobin A1c
- E. Serum sodium
- F. Platelet count
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: BNP indicates heart failure severity, potassium and sodium affect fluid balance and medication safety, and BUN reflects renal perfusion.
The nurse is discussing the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis with a client who has a normal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. Which information should the nurse discuss with the client concerning HDLs?
- A. A normal HDL is good because it has a protective action in the body.
- B. The HDL level measures the free fatty acids and glycerol in the blood.
- C. HDLs are the primary transporters of cholesterol into the cell.
- D. The client needs to decrease the amount of cholesterol and fat in the diet.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normal HDL (A) is protective, removing cholesterol from arteries. HDL doesn’t measure fatty acids (B) or transport cholesterol into cells (C), and diet (D) is unrelated to normal HDL.
The wife of a client with arterial occlusive disease tells the nurse, 'My husband says he is having rest pain. What does that mean?' Which statement by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. It describes the type of pain he has when he stops walking.'
- B. His legs are deprived of oxygen during periods of inactivity.'
- C. You are concerned that your husband is having rest pain.'
- D. This term is used to support that his condition is getting better.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rest pain (B) occurs in severe PAD due to inadequate oxygen supply at rest. Pain when stopping (A) is claudication, concern (C) avoids the question, and improvement (D) is incorrect (rest pain indicates worsening).
Which complication should the nurse monitor for in a client with valvular heart disease?
- A. Pulmonary embolism
- B. Heart failure
- C. Liver failure
- D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Valvular heart disease can lead to heart failure due to increased cardiac workload and impaired pump function.