Nokea
Which is a key aspect of the Health Belief Model?
- A. Perceived susceptibility
- B. Perceived severity
- C. Perceived barriers
- D. Perceived benefits
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perceived susceptibility. This is a key aspect of the Health Belief Model because it refers to an individual's belief about their risk of getting a particular health condition. It is crucial in determining whether a person will take preventive actions. Perceived severity (B) and perceived benefits (D) are also important components of the model, but perceived susceptibility is considered the starting point for behavior change. Perceived barriers (C) are obstacles that may prevent an individual from taking action, but they are not the main focus in the Health Belief Model.
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What is a common challenge in promoting health literacy?
- A. Limited access to health resources
- B. Low literacy levels among patients
- C. Complex medical instructions
- D. Cultural barriers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Low literacy levels among patients. Health literacy refers to an individual's ability to understand and use health information. Low literacy levels can hinder a person's understanding of health-related information, leading to poor health outcomes. Limited access to health resources (A) can be a challenge, but it is not as common as low literacy levels. While complex medical instructions (C) can be a barrier, low literacy levels are more pervasive. Cultural barriers (D) can also impact health literacy, but the primary challenge is often low literacy levels among patients.
What action would a community health nurse take to address health disparities?
- A. Providing health education to individuals
- B. Advocating for policies that promote health equity
- C. Conducting community health assessments
- D. Offering free health screenings
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because advocating for policies that promote health equity addresses the root causes of health disparities at a systemic level, leading to sustainable change. Providing health education to individuals (A) is important but may not address underlying systemic issues. Conducting community health assessments (C) is a valuable tool but alone does not directly address health disparities. Offering free health screenings (D) may improve access to care but does not tackle the broader social determinants of health that contribute to disparities. Advocating for policies that promote health equity is the most effective way for a community health nurse to create lasting change and address health disparities comprehensively.
What is the drug of choice for progressive multiple sclerosis?
- A. Ocrelizumab
- B. Dimethyl fumarate
- C. Teriflunomide
- D. Fluoroquinolones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ocrelizumab. It is the drug of choice for progressive multiple sclerosis due to its proven efficacy in reducing disease progression and disability in clinical trials. Ocrelizumab specifically targets B cells, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Dimethyl fumarate (B) and Teriflunomide (C) are more commonly used for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis rather than progressive forms. Fluoroquinolones (D) are antibiotics and have no role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Which fluid is used in the management of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) loss and burns?
- A. Ringer's lactate
- B. Normal saline
- C. Dextrose
- D. Blood
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ringer's lactate. Ringer's lactate is used in managing GIT loss and burns due to its balanced electrolyte composition, which closely resembles the electrolyte content of plasma. It helps replace lost fluids and maintain electrolyte balance. Normal saline (B) lacks bicarbonate and may lead to metabolic acidosis. Dextrose (C) provides energy but does not address fluid and electrolyte losses. Blood (D) is not typically used for fluid resuscitation in these cases unless there is severe hemorrhage.
Which is an example of tertiary prevention?
- A. Providing rehabilitation services
- B. Diagnosing and treating disease
- C. Health education to prevent complications
- D. Screening for complications
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because tertiary prevention focuses on managing and rehabilitating individuals who already have a disease or condition to prevent further complications and improve quality of life. Providing rehabilitation services falls under tertiary prevention as it aims to restore function and reduce disability post-diagnosis.
B: Diagnosing and treating disease is considered secondary prevention, which aims to detect and treat diseases early to prevent progression.
C: Health education to prevent complications is an example of primary prevention, which aims to prevent the development of diseases or conditions.
D: Screening for complications is part of secondary prevention, as it involves early detection and treatment to prevent complications.