Nokea
Which is an example of a secondary prevention strategy?
- A. Administering immunizations to prevent disease
- B. Conducting health screenings to detect early signs of disease
- C. Providing rehabilitation services to prevent complications
- D. Educating the public about healthy lifestyle choices
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat diseases at an early stage.
2. Health screenings help identify early signs of disease before symptoms appear.
3. Early detection allows for prompt intervention to prevent disease progression.
4. Administering immunizations (A) is an example of primary prevention.
5. Providing rehabilitation services (C) is an example of tertiary prevention.
6. Educating the public (D) focuses on promoting healthy behaviors, also a primary prevention strategy.
Summary:
Option B is correct as it aligns with the goal of secondary prevention by detecting diseases early. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they represent primary prevention, tertiary prevention, and health promotion strategies, respectively.
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Match the following terms in column A with the correct definition in Column B:
- A. I. Topical anesthesia
C. The agent is applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes of the skin.
II. Epidural anesthesia
D. Injecting the anesthesia in the epidural mater of the spinal cord. - B. II. Epidural anesthesia
B. Anesthesia is introduced in the subarachnoid space at the lumbar area L4 and L5.
I. Topical anesthesia
C. The agent is applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes of the skin. - C. I. Topical anesthesia
C. The agent is applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes of the skin.
II. Epidural anesthesia
D. Injecting the anesthesia in the epidural mater of the spinal cord. - D. I. Topical anesthesia
C. The agent is applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes of the skin.
II. Epidural anesthesia
B. Anesthesia is introduced in the subarachnoid space at the lumbar area L4 and L5.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it correctly matches the terms with their definitions. Topical anesthesia is indeed applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes, matching with statement C. Epidural anesthesia involves injecting the anesthesia into the epidural space of the spinal cord, aligning with statement D. The other choices incorrectly match the terms with definitions that do not correspond to the actual procedures. Choice B incorrectly states that epidural anesthesia is introduced in the subarachnoid space at the lumbar area L4 and L5, which is not accurate. Choice C incorrectly states that topical anesthesia is applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes, which is inaccurate. Choice D incorrectly states that topical anesthesia is applied directly to the skin and that epidural anesthesia is introduced in the subarachnoid space, both of which are incorrect.
What best describes the concept of social justice in health care?
- A. Ensuring that all individuals have access to the same health care services
- B. Providing the same level of care to everyone, regardless of their background
- C. Addressing the underlying social determinants that contribute to health disparities
- D. Offering free health services to underserved populations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Social justice in health care focuses on addressing the root causes of health disparities.
Step 2: By addressing social determinants like poverty, education, and housing, health equity can be achieved.
Step 3: This approach aims to create fair opportunities for everyone to attain good health outcomes.
Step 4: Choices A and B do not address the underlying social factors contributing to disparities.
Step 5: Choice D, offering free services, may not address the systemic issues that lead to inequities.
What is the most effective method for preventing the spread of disease?
- A. Hand hygiene
- B. Vaccination
- C. Quarantine
- D. Use of personal protective equipment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hand hygiene. Proper hand hygiene, including washing hands with soap and water or using hand sanitizer, is the most effective method for preventing the spread of disease. This is because hands can easily pick up and transfer germs from surfaces to our bodies. Regular handwashing can remove these germs and reduce the risk of infection.
Summary of other choices:
B: Vaccination is important in preventing certain diseases but may not be as effective in controlling the immediate spread of a disease outbreak.
C: Quarantine can help contain the spread of disease in specific situations but may not be as universally applicable as hand hygiene.
D: Use of personal protective equipment is crucial in certain settings, but it is not as practical or accessible for the general population compared to practicing good hand hygiene.
When assessing a community to determine its health needs, which data would be most useful?
- A. Demographic data
- B. Health behavior data
- C. Environmental data
- D. Morbidity and mortality data
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Morbidity and mortality data. This data provides direct information on the health status of the community by indicating the prevalence of diseases and deaths. It helps identify major health issues, prioritize interventions, and allocate resources effectively. Demographic data (A) provides information on population characteristics but does not directly reflect health needs. Health behavior data (B) offers insights into lifestyle choices but may not capture underlying health conditions. Environmental data (C) focuses on external factors impacting health, which are important but not as direct in indicating community health needs as morbidity and mortality data.
Which statement is incorrect regarding an informed consent signed by a patient?
- A. The nurse is responsible for obtaining the consent for surgery
- B. Patients under 18 years of age may need a parent or legal guardian to sign a consent form
- C. The nurse can witness the client signing the consent form
- D. It is the nurse's responsibility to ensure the patient has been educated by the physician about the procedure before informed consent is obtained
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it is incorrect to state that the nurse is responsible for obtaining the consent for surgery. Informed consent for surgery is typically obtained by the physician performing the procedure, not the nurse. Nurses can assist in the process by providing information and clarifying details, but ultimately it is the physician's responsibility to ensure the patient understands the procedure and consents to it.
Choice B is correct as minors under 18 years of age generally require a parent or legal guardian to sign a consent form on their behalf. Choice C is correct as nurses can witness the client signing the consent form as a part of the process. Choice D is also correct as it is indeed the nurse's responsibility to ensure the patient has been educated by the physician before obtaining informed consent.