Nokea
Which is a sign of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
- A. Weight loss
- B. Bone pain
- C. Fever
- D. Nocturia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nocturia. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, leading to urinary symptoms like frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia). Weight loss, bone pain, and fever are not typical signs of BPH. Nocturia is a common symptom due to the prostate gland pressing against the urethra, causing urinary retention. It is important to differentiate BPH symptoms from other potential causes to provide appropriate treatment.
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The gonads, or primary sex organs, produce sex cells, also known as ________.
- A. zygotes
- B. interstitial cells
- C. gametes
- D. spermatids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: gametes. Gonads produce sex cells, which are haploid cells involved in reproduction. Gametes are the mature, haploid male or female germ cells (sperm or egg) produced by the gonads. Zygotes are formed when gametes fuse during fertilization, not produced by gonads. Interstitial cells are found in the testes and produce hormones, not sex cells. Spermatids are immature male germ cells that develop into sperm, not the primary sex cells produced by gonads.
You are administering vancomycin (Vancocin) 500 mg IV to a client with PID when you notice that the client's neck and face are becoming flushed. Which action should you take next?
- A. Discontinue the vancomycin.
- B. Slow the rate of the medication infusion.
- C. Obtain an order for an antihistamine.
- D. Check the client's temperature.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flushing suggests an infusion reaction; slowing the infusion rate can mitigate the reaction.
Spasm of sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck causes:
- A. Talipes equinovarus
- B. Torticollis
- C. Cleft lip
- D. Kyphosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Torticollis. Spasm of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck causes the head to tilt to one side and the chin to rotate to the opposite side, leading to a condition known as torticollis. Talipes equinovarus (A) is a foot deformity, cleft lip (C) is a congenital facial anomaly, and kyphosis (D) is an abnormal curvature of the spine. These conditions are not directly related to the spasm of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck.
The result of oogenesis is _____.
- A. one secondary oocyte
- B. two secondary oocytes
- C. one ovum
- D. four ootids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: one ovum. During oogenesis, a primary oocyte undergoes meiosis to produce one mature ovum and three polar bodies. The ovum contains the majority of the cytoplasm and organelles needed for fertilization. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: one secondary oocyte - After meiosis I, the primary oocyte develops into one secondary oocyte and one polar body.
B: two secondary oocytes - This is not a possible outcome of oogenesis as only one secondary oocyte is produced.
D: four ootids - Ootids are the immediate products of meiosis II in oogenesis and are not the final mature gametes like the ovum.
Levels of transcortin are elevated in a pregnant woman. Which of the following laboratory findings would be expected in this patient?
- A. Increased total (protein-bound plus free) plasma cortisol concentration
- B. Increased free (non–protein-bound) plasma cortisol concentration
- C. Decreased total plasma cortisol concentration
- D. Decreased free plasma cortisol concentration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Elevated levels of transcortin in a pregnant woman lead to an increase in total plasma cortisol concentration. Transcortin binds to cortisol, increasing its total concentration but reducing the amount of free (non-protein-bound) cortisol. Choice A is correct as total cortisol concentration increases due to transcortin binding. Choices B and D are incorrect as free cortisol concentration decreases. Choice C is incorrect as total cortisol concentration is elevated, not decreased.