Nokea
Which is an accurate description of a Kasai procedure?
- A. A palliative procedure in which the bile duct is attached to a loop of bowel to assist with bile drainage.
- B. A curative procedure that connects the bile duct to the bowel.
- C. A curative procedure where the bile duct is banded.
- D. A palliative procedure where the bile duct is banded.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Kasai procedure is a palliative surgery for biliary atresia that helps restore bile flow and delays the need for liver transplantation.
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A client becomes upset when the physician diagnoses diabetes mellitus as the cause of current signs and symptoms. The client tells the nurse, "This must be a mistake. No one in my family has ever had diabetes." Based on this statement, the nurse suspects the client is using which coping mechanism?
- A. Denial
- B. Anger
- C. Withdrawal
- D. Resolution
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client's response of stating that diabetes cannot be possible because it is not prevalent in the family indicates that the client is using the coping mechanism of denial. Denial is a common defense mechanism where individuals refuse to accept reality or facts that are too uncomfortable for them to acknowledge. In this situation, the client is denying the diagnosis of diabetes as a way to cope with the distressing news, hoping that it may not be true because it has not affected their family members in the past. Recognizing this coping mechanism is important for the nurse to provide support and education to help the client come to terms with the diagnosis and start managing the condition effectively.
Which is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year?
- A. Cancer
- B. Heart disease
- C. Unintentional injuries
- D. Congenital anomalies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Unintentional injuries are the major cause of death for children older than 1 year. These include accidents such as drownings, car accidents, fires, falls, and poisoning. Children are curious and naturally explore their environment, which can put them at risk for accidents. It is important for parents and caregivers to create safe environments for children, supervise them closely, and take appropriate safety precautions to prevent these injuries. By being mindful of potential hazards and actively working to prevent accidents, we can help reduce the incidence of unintentional injuries and protect children's well-being.
Parent guidelines for relieving colic in an infant include:
- A. avoiding touching abdomen.
- B. avoiding using a pacifier.
- C. changing infant's position frequently.
- D. placing infant where family cannot hear the crying.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parent guidelines for relieving colic in an infant include changing the infant's position frequently. Colic is a common condition in infants characterized by prolonged periods of crying and fussiness. Changing the infant's position frequently, such as holding them upright or on their stomach, can help alleviate discomfort and aid in releasing trapped gas, which may contribute to colic symptoms. It is recommended to try different positions to see what works best for the individual baby to provide relief from colic.
The nurse is planning care for a low birth weight newborn. Which is an appropriate nursing intervention to promote adequate oxygenation?
- A. Place in Trendelenburg position periodically.
- B. Suction at least every 2 to 3 hours.
- C. Maintain neutral thermal environment.
- D. Hyperextend neck with nose pointing to ceiling.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maintaining a neutral thermal environment is an appropriate nursing intervention to promote adequate oxygenation in a low birth weight newborn. Newborns, especially those with low birth weight, have limited capacity to regulate their body temperature. Keeping the baby warm helps prevent cold stress, which can lead to increased metabolic demands and oxygen consumption. By maintaining a neutral thermal environment, the newborn's energy can be directed towards growth and development, rather than compensating for temperature fluctuations. This intervention helps optimize oxygenation and overall well-being of the low birth weight newborn. The other options (A, B, D) do not directly address the need for adequate oxygenation in a low birth weight newborn.
A patient is unable to control his bowels ff. a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Which intervention by the nurse can help reduce episodes of bowel incontinence?
- A. Ask the patient frequently if he has to have a bowel movement
- B. Place incontinence pads on the patient's bed and chair
- C. Toilet the patient according to his pre-illness schedule, whether or not he feels the urge
- D. Take care not to embarrass the patient when incontinent episode occur
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Option C, which is to toilet the patient according to his pre-illness schedule, whether or not he feels the urge, is the best intervention by the nurse to help reduce episodes of bowel incontinence in this patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage. This strategy can help establish a routine and promote regular bowel movements, which may reduce the likelihood of bowel incontinence episodes. Asking the patient frequently if he has to have a bowel movement (Option A) may not be effective, as the patient may not always be able to accurately communicate their needs due to the underlying condition. Placing incontinence pads on the patient's bed and chair (Option B) may manage the consequences of incontinence but does not address the root cause. While taking care not to embarrass the patient when incontinent episodes occur (Option D) is important for maintaining the patient's dignity, it does not directly address the issue of reducing bowel incontinence episodes.