Nokea
Which is an effective strategy to reduce the stress of burn dressing procedures for a 6-year-old child?
- A. Give the child as many choices as possible
- B. Reassure the child that dressing changes are not painful
- C. Explain to the child why analgesics cannot be used
- D. Encourage the child to master stress with controlled passivity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Give the child as many choices as possible. By providing the child with choices, you empower them and give them a sense of control over the situation, reducing feelings of helplessness and stress. This strategy helps the child feel more involved and less anxious during the burn dressing procedure. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because reassuring the child about pain, explaining why analgesics cannot be used, or encouraging controlled passivity may not directly address the child's emotional distress and lack of control in the situation. It is essential to prioritize the child's emotional well-being and sense of autonomy in managing stress during medical procedures.
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A six-year-old is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. Preoperative teaching should be:
- A. Directed to the parents because the patient is too young to understand
- B. Detailed regarding the actual procedure so the patient will know what to expect
- C. Completed several days prior to the procedure so the patient will be prepared
- D. Adapted to the patient's development level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because preoperative teaching for a six-year-old undergoing cardiac catheterization should be adapted to the patient's development level. This is crucial as it ensures the information is communicated in a way that the child can comprehend and reduces anxiety. Providing information at the appropriate developmental stage helps the child feel more prepared and less fearful. Choice A is incorrect as children as young as six can understand basic concepts with appropriate communication techniques. Choice B may overwhelm the child with unnecessary details. Choice C is incorrect because waiting too long to provide information may increase anxiety.
A child being administered a new medication displays signs of an adverse drug reaction. The nurse would expect treatment of the reaction to include (Select all that apply):
- A. Administering antibiotics
- B. Discontinuing the drug
- C. Administering antihistamines
- D. Administering corticosteroids
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: The correct answer is B, C, and D. Discontinuing the drug is essential to stop the adverse reaction. Administering antihistamines helps manage symptoms like itching and hives. Corticosteroids can reduce inflammation and allergic responses caused by the reaction. Antibiotics (choice A) are not indicated unless there is a specific infection requiring treatment. No other choices were provided, but it's crucial to focus on stopping the offending drug, managing symptoms, and addressing inflammation in the case of an adverse drug reaction.
Which explanation regarding cardiac catheterization is appropriate for a preschool child?
- A. Postural drainage will be performed every 4 to 6 hours after the test
- B. It is necessary to be completely asleep during the test
- C. The test is short, usually taking less than 1 hour
- D. When the procedure is done, you will have to keep your leg straight until after dinnertime
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because preschool children may not fully understand the importance of keeping still after cardiac catheterization. Keeping the leg straight helps prevent bleeding at the insertion site. Choice A is incorrect as postural drainage is not related to cardiac catheterization. Choice B is incorrect as sedation, not complete sleep, is usually used. Choice C is incorrect as the procedure can take longer than an hour.
Which actions by the school nurse is important in the prevention of rheumatic fever?
- A. Encourage routine cholesterol screenings
- B. Conduct routine blood pressure screenings
- C. Refer children with sore throats for throat cultures
- D. Recommend aspirin instead of acetaminophen for minor discomforts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Refer children with sore throats for throat cultures. This is important in preventing rheumatic fever as it helps identify and treat streptococcal infections promptly, which can lead to rheumatic fever if left untreated. Encouraging routine cholesterol screenings (A) and conducting routine blood pressure screenings (B) are not directly related to preventing rheumatic fever. Recommending aspirin instead of acetaminophen (D) can actually be harmful in children with viral infections, increasing the risk of Reye's syndrome.
Which is the correct positioning of a child experiencing epistaxis:
- A. The child should be placed in a prone position
- B. The child should be placed in a supine position
- C. The child should be sitting with their head tilted back
- D. The child should sit up and lean forward
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct positioning for a child experiencing epistaxis (nosebleed) is option D: the child should sit up and lean forward. This position helps prevent blood from flowing down the throat, reducing the risk of choking or aspiration. Sitting up also helps to reduce blood pressure in the vessels of the nose, aiding in the clotting process. Placing the child in a prone position (option A) can lead to blood flowing down the throat, causing potential airway obstruction. Placing the child in a supine position (option B) can also lead to blood going down the throat and may increase the risk of aspiration. Sitting with the head tilted back (option C) is not recommended as it can lead to blood running down the back of the throat and potentially into the airway. Therefore, option D is the correct choice for managing epistaxis in a child.