Nokea
Which is (are) true of chemical regulation of respirations?
- A. Chemoreceptors are located in the carotid and aorta and the brain
- B. The cerebellum is responsible for brain control of respirations
- C. The chemoreceptors in the brain cause an increase in the rate and depth of respirations in response to changes in blood pH
- D. If the carbon dioxide level is higher than normal in the blood, the blood becomes more acidic and the pH falls below 7.35
- E. If the oxygen level in the blood falls, this provides the stimulus to breathe in people who do not have chronic lung disease
- F. Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aorta respond to decreased oxygen in the blood and send the message to the medulla
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,F
Rationale: These statements accurately describe the chemical regulation of respiration, involving chemoreceptors and responses to pH and oxygen levels.
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A patient has had his hand and part of his forearm amputated due to a traumatic injury. What would be the result if he refused to have his stump wrapped continuously with an elastic bandage or wear a compression sock?
- A. The incision on the end of the stump will not heal
- B. There will be excessive bruising and swelling of the stump
- C. The stump will not heal in a shape to fit inside the prosthesis well
- D. He can wait a few weeks after surgery before wrapping the stump or wearing the compression sock
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Without compression, the stump may swell excessively and heal in a shape unsuitable for a prosthesis.
A coworker twisted her ankle going down the stairs. It is swollen and is painful when she bears weight on it. Which intervention would be the least helpful for healing this sprain?
- A. Avoiding bearing weight on her ankle
- B. Wrapping her ankle with an elastic bandage
- C. Applying heat to her ankle for 20 minutes at a time
- D. Elevating her ankle on a pillow while she is lying down
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Applying heat early in a sprain can increase swelling; cold therapy is preferred initially to reduce inflammation.
A patient who has chronic lung disease is stimulated to breathe because the chemoreceptors detect:
- A. low oxygen in the blood
- B. high oxygen in the blood
- C. low carbon dioxide in the blood
- D. high carbon dioxide in the blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In chronic lung disease, high carbon dioxide levels drive respiration due to desensitized oxygen chemoreceptors.
Which surfaces are replaced when a patient has a total hip replacement?
- A. The articular surfaces of the femur and the tibia
- B. The posterior surface of the patella and the tibia
- C. The acetabular cup and head of the tibia and fibula
- D. The head and neck of the femur and the acetabular cup
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Total hip replacement involves replacing the femoral head and neck and the acetabular cup in the pelvis.
The purpose of which of the following devices is to prevent flexion of an affected joint?
- A. Cast
- B. Immobilizer
- C. Splint
- D. Elastic bandages
- E. Traction
- F. Abductor pillow
- G. Ilizarov frame
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Casts, immobilizers, and splints are designed to stabilize and prevent flexion of joints to promote healing.