Nokea
Which is correct regarding HDL?
- A. It is the biggest lipoprotein
- B. Its lipid content is higher than its protein content
- C. Removes cholesterol from the periphery and delivers to liver for metabolism
- D. Has an insignificant role in cholesterol transportation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HDL removes cholesterol from tissues and delivers it to the liver, aiding reverse cholesterol transport.
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Which of the following chambers of the heart contain deoxygenated blood?
- A. Left atrium and left ventricle
- B. Left atrium only
- C. Right atrium and right ventricle
- D. Right ventricle only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Deoxygenated blood returning from the body enters the right atrium and flows into the right ventricle before being pumped to the lungs for oxygenation.
Which of the following is NOT supplied by the Circle of Willis?
- A. Nose
- B. Eyes
- C. Brain
- D. Pharynx
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Circle of Willis supplies the brain and parts of the eyes, but not the nose or pharynx, which have separate vascular supplies.
57 y/o male is admitted with acute cholecystitis due to cholelithiasis and undergoes an uneventful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. He is discharged the next day but returns to the ER 2 days later due to abdominal pain, distension, and fever. Abdominal CT is only positive for moderate ascites. Paracentesis reveals 50 PMNs and bilious fluid. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Cirrhosis of the liver
- B. Secondary bacterial peritonitis
- C. Bile leak
- D. Retained common bile duct stone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bile leak is a known complication of cholecystectomy, leading to bilious ascites and peritonitis symptoms like pain and fever.
Regarding treatment of hypertension of a 53 years-old woman already prescribed ramipril 10 mg daily but has a blood pressure of 150/95 mmHg, which ONE of the following prescriptions is TRUE
- A. Ramipril dose should be increased to 15 mg daily
- B. Ramipril dose should be split into 5 mg twice daily
- C. Candesartan 2 mg daily should be added to ramipril 10 mg daily
- D. Amlodipine 5 mg should be added to ramipril 10 mg daily
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ramipril 10 mg is the maximum dose. If BP remains uncontrolled, adding a calcium channel blocker like amlodipine is recommended as per guidelines (e.g., NICE), making D the correct choice.
Pericardial fluid can be found between the:
- A. myocardium and the epicardium.
- B. myocardium and the endocardium.
- C. pericardium and the ribs.
- D. epicardium and pericardium.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pericardial fluid is found between the epicardium and the pericardium, reducing friction.