Nokea
Which is not a feature of digestive motility?
- A. Peristalsis only involves forward movements
- B. Segmentation involves mechanical digestion of food
- C. Peristalsis is present in the oesophagus, stomach and small/large intestines
- D. Segmentation is present in the stomach, small and large intestines
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Peristalsis involves coordinated waves of muscle contractions that propel food forward. However, peristalsis can also involve backward movements to help with mixing and digestion. Therefore, the statement that peristalsis only involves forward movements is incorrect. Segmentation involves mixing and breaking down food through contractions that occur in non-unidirectional patterns. Peristalsis can be found in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, while segmentation is mainly present in the small intestine. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect based on the explanations provided.
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What instruction should be given to a client scheduled for a gallbladder series test?
- A. To remain on a low-residue diet 1 to 2 days before the test
- B. To take a laxative the evening before the test
- C. Not to eat or drink until the test is complete
- D. To take cleansing enemas the morning of the test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client scheduled for a gallbladder series test is not to eat or drink until the test is complete. This is because the test requires fasting to ensure clear visualization of the gallbladder and surrounding structures. Eating or drinking could interfere with the results by causing gallbladder contraction or obscuring the images.
A) Instructing the client to remain on a low-residue diet is not necessary for this specific test and may not provide the required fasting.
B) Taking a laxative or cleansing enemas is not typically required for a gallbladder series test and can be unnecessary and may even be harmful.
This blind tube is about 9 cm long, is filled with lymph nodules and attaches to the cecum. This blind tube is called the
- A. epiploic appendix.
- B. haustra.
- C. vermiform appendix.
- D. tenia coli.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: vermiform appendix. The vermiform appendix is a blind tube, around 9 cm long, filled with lymph nodules, and attaches to the cecum. This anatomical description matches the characteristics of the vermiform appendix. The epiploic appendix (choice A) refers to small fatty projections on the colon's surface, not a blind tube. Haustra (choice B) are the pouches along the colon's length, not a blind tube. Tenia coli (choice D) are the three bands of longitudinal muscle in the colon, not a blind tube. Therefore, the vermiform appendix is the correct answer.
What does the pancreas secrete to aid in digestion?
- A. insulin
- B. gastric acid
- C. digestive enzymes
- D. bile
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: digestive enzymes. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease to break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. Insulin (choice A) is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, not aid in digestion. Gastric acid (choice B) is produced by the stomach, not the pancreas. Bile (choice D) is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder to aid in fat digestion, not directly secreted by the pancreas for digestion.
A patient who has chronic constipation asks the nurse about the use of psyllium (Metamucil). Which information will the nurse include in the response?
- A. Fiber-containing laxatives may reduce the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
- B. Dietary sources of fiber should be eliminated to prevent excessive gas formation.
- C. Use of this type of laxative to prevent constipation does not cause adverse effects.
- D. Large amounts of fluid should be taken to prevent impaction or bowel obstruction.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer D:
- Psyllium is a bulk-forming laxative that works by absorbing water in the intestines, forming a gel-like mass that helps with bowel movements.
- Taking large amounts of fluid is essential when using psyllium to prevent the gel-like mass from hardening and causing impaction or bowel obstruction.
- Adequate fluid intake is crucial for the safe and effective use of psyllium as a laxative.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
- Choice A is incorrect because fiber-containing laxatives like psyllium do not directly impact the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
- Choice B is incorrect as dietary sources of fiber should not be eliminated entirely but rather balanced to prevent excessive gas.
- Choice C is incorrect as all medications, including laxatives, can have potential adverse effects; however, psyllium is generally well-tolerated when used appropriately.
The parietal cells in the gastric glands of the pyloric region produce ______ that bonds with Vitamin ______ to make it more readily absorbed in the ileum.
- A. hydrochloric acid; B12
- B. mucus; D
- C. pepsinogen; D
- D. intrinsic factor; B12
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because intrinsic factor is produced by parietal cells in the gastric glands of the pyloric region. Intrinsic factor forms a complex with Vitamin B12, which is essential for its absorption in the ileum. This mechanism is crucial for preventing Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Choice A is incorrect because hydrochloric acid is produced by parietal cells but does not bond with Vitamin B12 for absorption. Choice B is incorrect as mucus is not involved in Vitamin B12 absorption. Choice C is incorrect as pepsinogen is not responsible for facilitating Vitamin B12 absorption.