Nokea
Which is not an AIDS defining illness?
- A. oesophageal candidiasis
- B. Herpes Zoster
- C. CD4 count <200 cells/microL
- D. Pulmonary TB
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Herpes zoster's no AIDS marker just shingles, common even sans HIV collapse. Oesophageal thrush, PCP, TB scream opportunists; CD4's a lab line, not illness. Nurses flag true definers chronic crash signs not this skin flare anyone catches.
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Which of the following statements is true related to nonmodifiable risk factors for chronic illness?
- A. Cannot be changed
- B. Requires intervention in order to change
- C. Can be altered to benefit health outcomes
- D. Can be changed with client perseverance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonmodifiable risk factors age, genes stay put, no tweak possible, a chronic base nurses work around. Intervention, alteration, or grit shift smoking or weight, not these locks. Knowing what's fixed guides focus elsewhere, a bedrock truth in illness planning.
Rehabilitation is an ongoing process which is individual for each patient. Which of the following concepts are not part of the goals of the rehabilitation process for the patient?
- A. Adaptation
- B. Reconstruction of self-identity
- C. Ongoing dependency
- D. Developing a sense of a new normal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rehab rebuilds adapt, re-ID, new normal aims up, not down. Dependency's the foe, not goal. Nurses push this, a chronic comeback.
Clients with chronic illness want the health care system to provide them with which of the following?
- A. Less information
- B. Less travel time
- C. Ways to adjust to disease consequences
- D. Limited information on ways to cope with their symptoms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic folks crave adaptation tools handling fear, sleep woes, or sex shifts not less info or travel ease. Nurses deliver this, a lifeline for illness' long tail, not just quick fixes.
You have just received the morning report from the night shift nurses. List the order of priority for assessing and caring for these patients.
- A. A patient who developed tumor lysis syndrome around 5:00 AM
- B. A patient with frequent reports of break-through pain over the past 24 hours
- C. A patient scheduled for exploratory laparotomy this morning
- D. A patient with anticipatory nausea and vomiting for the past 24 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome, an oncologic emergency from rapid cell breakdown, spikes electrolytes and risks renal failure its 5:00 AM onset demands immediate assessment for stability, trumping others. Surgery prep follows laparotomy needs readiness checks like NPO status, time-sensitive but stable. Breakthrough pain, chronic over 24 hours, requires analgesia adjustment, urgent but not life-threatening. Anticipatory nausea, psychogenic, needs comfort and antiemetics, least acute. Prioritizing tumor lysis aligns with ABCs circulation and organ function ensuring rapid intervention like fluids or dialysis, a nurse's critical triage call in this lineup.
The nurse is caring for a patient who smokes two packs/day. Which action by the nurse could help reduce the patient's risk of lung cancer?
- A. Teach the patient about the seven warning signs of cancer.
- B. Plan to monitor the patient's carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level.
- C. Teach the patient about annual chest x-rays for lung cancer screening.
- D. Discuss risks associated with cigarette smoking during each patient encounter.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smoking's the lung cancer kingpin two packs a day screams risk. Hitting the patient with smoking's dangers every visit pushes primary prevention, aiming to cut exposure to tar and carcinogens fueling 85% of cases. Warning signs (CAUTION) and chest x-rays are secondary catching cancer, not stopping it. CEA's a tumor marker for tracking, not prevention. Nurses in oncology know preaching cessation at every chance leverages behavior change, the gold standard to slash lung cancer odds, trumping screening or monitoring in a heavy smoker like this.