Nokea
Which is not true of gangrene?
- A. it is usually caused by clostridium perfringens
- B. pain is out of proportion to the soft tissue injury
- C. hyperbaric oxygen is recommended
- D. gas must be seen on a plain xray
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gangrene Clostridium leads, pain screams, oxygen helps, surgery rules; gas isn't must-see. Nurses cut this chronic myth.
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The nurse is caring for a patient receiving intravesical bladder chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect?
- A. Nausea
- B. Alopecia
- C. Hematuria
- D. Xerostomia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intravesical chemo (e.g., BCG for bladder cancer) targets the bladder lining directly hematuria (blood in urine) is the biggie to watch, signaling irritation or tumor breakdown. It's local, not systemic, so nausea and alopecia whole-body effects from IV chemo don't fit. Xerostomia (dry mouth) might tag along with systemic agents hitting salivary glands, not this route. Nurses track hematuria here because it's the bladder's cry for help, a common, expected reaction to drugs bathing the mucosa. In oncology, knowing delivery matters intravesical skips the bloodstream, keeping side effects bladder-focused, critical for patient comfort and spotting complications early.
A patient on the oncology unit is receiving carmustine, a chemotherapy agent, and the nurse is aware that a significant side effect of this medication is thrombocytopenia. Which symptom should the nurse assess for in patients at risk for thrombocytopenia?
- A. Interrupted sleep pattern
- B. Hot flashes
- C. Epistaxis (nose bleed)
- D. Increased weight
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carmustine, a nitrosourea, slams bone marrow, dropping platelets and causing thrombocytopenia low counts mean bleeding risks soar. Epistaxis (nosebleeds) is a classic sign, as mucosal vessels lack clotting support, especially with counts below 50,000/µL. Sleep issues might tie to discomfort but aren't direct. Hot flashes link to hormonal therapies, not this. Weight gain's unrelated cancer often causes loss. Nurses zero in on bleeding like epistaxis, bruising, or petechiae checking daily for these red flags, vital in oncology to catch and manage this life-threatening chemo fallout early.
The hospice nurse has just admitted a new patient to the program. What principle guides hospice care?
- A. Care addresses the needs of the patient as well as the needs of the family
- B. Care is focused on the patient centrally and the family peripherally
- C. The focus of all aspects of care is solely on the patient
- D. The care team prioritizes the patient's physical needs and the family is responsible for the patient's emotional needs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hospice wraps the patient and family in care physical, emotional, spiritual for both, not just one. It's not patient-only or peripheral family focus; it's a unit. Splitting physical and emotional duties misses the holistic vibe. Nurses in oncology's endgame lean on this, ensuring comfort and support ripple out, easing the load for all as death nears.
Which of the following factors has a major impact on the development of chronic illness?
- A. Poverty
- B. Social stability
- C. Urban dwelling
- D. High school diploma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Poverty slams chronic illness cash shortages spike stress, skimp care, and fuel risks like poor diet, a root driver nurses see in diabetes or heart woes. Stability's a buffer, urban life's neutral, education helps but lacks poverty's punch. Socioeconomic holes breed disease, a chronic trap clinicians fight.
Which drug regimen in AIDS is usually used?
- A. 2 nucleosides and nevirapine
- B. 2 nucleosides and a protease inhibitor
- C. 1 nucleoside, nevirapine and a protease inhibitor
- D. A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: AIDS cocktails two nucleosides plus nevirapine or protease inhibitor, both slam HIV's lifecycle. Single's weak nurses mix these chronic viral brakes.