Nokea
Which is the incorrect statement regarding effect of dobutamine infusion in patients with heart failure
- A. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure decreases
- B. Mean arterial pressure decreases slightly due to interplay of actions on alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors
- C. Left ventricular end systolic volume decreases
- D. There is increased myocardial oxygen demand
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mean arterial pressure typically increases, not decreases, with dobutamine infusion due to its inotropic effects.
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List THREE medical management plans for biatrial enlargement.
- A. Loop diuretics (carefully)
- B. Beta-blockers (carefully)
- C. Anticoagulation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These are standard treatment options aimed at managing heart function, reducing fluid buildup, and preventing complications like clot formation.
All the following are correct about left ventricular assist device implantation, except
- A. LA pressure is reduced more than RA pressure
- B. A PFO/small ASD is created following LVAD implantation for decompressing LA
- C. Right to left shunting at atrial level can produce systemic desaturation
- D. RV failure is a bad prognostic marker
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A PFO/small ASD is not typically created following LVAD implantation.
Which is the most appropriate nursing action related to the administration of digoxin (Lanoxin) to an infant?
- A. Counting the apical rate for 30 seconds before administering the medication
- B. Withholding a dose if the apical heart rate is less than 100 beats/min
- C. Repeating a dose if the child vomits within 30 minutes of the previous dose
- D. Checking respiratory rate and blood pressure before each dose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As a rule, if the pulse rate of an infant is below 100 beats/min, the medication is withheld and the physician is notified.
Causes of a dilated renal pelvis in a foetal scan include:
- A. Normal variant
- B. Vesico-ureteric reflux
- C. Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction
- D. Multicystic kidney
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A dilated renal pelvis can be a normal variant in a foetal scan, often resolving spontaneously without intervention.
At birth, tunica intima of arterial wall contains all of the following, except
- A. Type IV collagen
- B. Laminin
- C. Endothelial cells
- D. Smooth muscle cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smooth muscle cells are not typically found in the tunica intima at birth.