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Which is the possible cause of a urinary tract infection?
- A. bacteria in the urinary system
- B. calcium buildup in the kidney
- C. prostate enlargement
- D. kidney stones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bacteria in the urinary system are the most common cause of urinary tract infections.
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Which organ in the list is the largest gland in the human body?
- A. parotid
- B. liver
- C. pancreas
- D. thyroid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The liver is the largest gland in the human body, weighing about 1.5 kg in adults, and performs numerous functions including bile production and detoxification.
Following a diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a 70-year-old woman undergoes gastrectomy. Her physician informs her that she will require lifelong intramuscular vitamin B12 injections. Which specific type of cells' absence is responsible for the need for vitamin replacement?
- A. Chief cells
- B. G cells
- C. Goblet cells
- D. Parietal cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor, necessary for vitamin B12 absorption; their absence after gastrectomy necessitates B12 injections.
Match: Monosaccharide
- A. simplest component of a carbohydrate
- B. building block of proteins
- C. component of nucleic acids
- D. form of stored energy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Monosaccharides, such as glucose, are the simplest units of carbohydrates and serve as immediate energy sources.
Surface mucous cells show the following EXCEPT:
- A. Found in the isthmus of the fundic glands.
- B. Contain PAS +ve secretory granules.
- C. Secrete acidic mucous.
- D. Continuous with the covering epith of the stomach
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surface mucous cells secrete neutral to alkaline mucus, not acidic mucus, to protect the gastric mucosa.
The nurse is teaching classes on development to parents of toddlers. A parent asks when a child should be toilet trained. The nurse bases a response on knowledge that sphincter control is generally possible by age months. Provide a numeric answer.
- A. 18
- B. 24
- C. 30
- D. 36
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sphincter control typically develops around 24 months, enabling toilet training.