Nokea
In which regions of the alimentary canal does amylase act?
- A. mouth cavity and pancreas
- B. mouth cavity and ileum
- C. stomach and pancreas
- D. stomach and ileum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amylase acts in the mouth cavity and is also secreted by the pancreas into the duodenum.
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Which process matches the definition: Vomiting - the result of forceful contractions of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles?
- A. Emesis
- B. Peristalsis
- C. Deglutition
- D. Segmentation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Emesis is the medical term for vomiting, involving forceful muscle contractions.
Which is the possible cause of a urinary tract infection?
- A. bacteria in the urinary system
- B. calcium buildup in the kidney
- C. prostate enlargement
- D. kidney stones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bacteria in the urinary system are the most common cause of urinary tract infections.
Following a diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a 70-year-old woman undergoes gastrectomy. Her physician informs her that she will require lifelong intramuscular vitamin B12 injections. Which specific type of cells' absence is responsible for the need for vitamin replacement?
- A. Chief cells
- B. G cells
- C. Goblet cells
- D. Parietal cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor, necessary for vitamin B12 absorption; their absence after gastrectomy necessitates B12 injections.
Which of the following cells secrete pepsinogen?
- A. Parietal cells
- B. Alpha cells
- C. Chief cells
- D. Stem cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chief cells in the stomach are responsible for secreting pepsinogen, which is then activated to pepsin by the acidic environment created by HCl.
Pancreatic juice contains a protein-splitting enzyme called:
- A. trypsin
- B. zymogen
- C. pepsin
- D. amylase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that digests proteins.