Nokea
Which is true of respiratory acidosis?
- A. The patient is hyperventilating
- B. The patient is hypoventilating
- C. This causes the pH to elevate above 7.45
- D. This causes the pH to drop below 7.35
- F. Hypokalemia
- G. Hyperchloremia
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis results from hypoventilation, causing CO2 retention and a pH drop below 7.35.
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The nurse is completing an I&O sheet for the patient. Which will the nurse include in the output?
- A. Sweat
- B. Peritoneal fluid
- C. Liquid stool
- D. Emesis
- E. Interstitial fluid
- F. Urine
Correct Answer: C,D,F
Rationale: Liquid stool, emesis, and urine are measurable outputs included in an I&O sheet.
The patient complains of shortness of breath and is expectorating pink frothy sputum. The nurse would assess for further signs and symptoms of:
- A. hyperkalemia
- B. hypomagnesemia
- C. fluid overload
- D. fluid deficit
- E. dehydration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pink frothy sputum and shortness of breath are hallmark signs of fluid overload, often due to pulmonary edema.
You know that your patient with chronic kidney disease will need more teaching if she says:
- A. I will eat more oranges to prevent potassium buildup
- B. I will increase my milk intake to keep my calcium levels in the normal range
- C. I will avoid bananas so my potassium level will not get too high
- D. I can have scrambled eggs for breakfast as long as my calcium is not too high
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oranges are high in potassium, which should be limited in chronic kidney disease to prevent hyperkalemia.
Your patient is admitted with alkalosis. Which laboratory finding would you expect?
- A. pH of 7.30
- B. pH of 7.48
- C. Decreased bicarbonate level
- D. Elevated carbon dioxide level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A pH of 7.48 indicates alkalosis, as it is above the normal range of 7.35-7.45.
When teaching a patient about ways to avoid fluid overload, the nurse explains it is best to eat a diet that is low in:
- A. potassium
- B. calcium
- C. magnesium
- D. sodium
- E. phosphorus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A low-sodium diet helps prevent fluid retention, reducing the risk of fluid overload.