Nokea
Which is/are true?
- A. Babies are able to respond to sounds in utero
- B. Full term babies at birth are unable to follow a large object with their eyes
- C. A 6-week-old infant would be able to follow a large object through an arc of 135°
- D. Growth velocity of head decreases with age
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Babies can respond to sounds in utero, and head growth velocity does decrease with age. Full-term babies can follow large objects, and a 6-week-old can follow objects through a smaller arc.
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Which is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis?
- A. Staphylococcus albus
- B. Streptococcus hemolyticus
- C. Staphylococcus albicans
- D. Streptococcus viridans
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: S. viridans is the most common causative agent in bacterial (infective) endocarditis.
Inclisiran used in the treatment of dyslipidemia is chemically a
- A. Synthetic RNA
- B. Synthetic histone
- C. Synthetic DNA
- D. Synthetic mitochondria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inclisiran is a synthetic RNA molecule used to lower cholesterol levels.
Acetazolamide:
- A. Is used in the management of renal tubular acidosis
- B. Causes hypokalaemia
- C. Is usually given intravenously
- D. Inhibits the action of carbonic anhydrase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Inhibits the action of carbonic anhydrase: Acetazolamide works by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, reducing the reabsorption of bicarbonate in the kidneys and helping with conditions like glaucoma, metabolic alkalosis, and altitude sickness.
A nurse cares for a client who has an 80% blockage of the right coronary artery (RCA) and is scheduled for bypass surgery. Which intervention should the nurse be prepared to implement while this client waits for surgery?
- A. Administration of IV furosemide (Lasix)
- B. Initiation of an external pacemaker
- C. Assistance with endotracheal intubation
- D. Placement of central venous access
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An 80% blockage of the RCA can lead to bradycardia or heart block. An external pacemaker may be needed to maintain adequate heart rate and cardiac output.
Indications for surgical closure of a VSD include the following EXCEPT
- A. patients who cannot thrive
- B. patients whose symptoms cannot be controlled between 6 and 24 months
- C. patients with pulmonary vascular disease
- D. patients older than 2 years with a large VSD associated with a Qs ratio greater than 2:1
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surgical closure is not routinely indicated for all VSDs, especially if asymptomatic.