Nokea
Which isolation category should the nurse use to guide care when caring for a client with anthrax?
- A. Standard precautions
- B. Droplet precautions
- C. Airborne precautions
- D. Contact precautions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Standard precautions, measures for reducing the risk of transmitting pathogens, are sufficient for caring for clients infected with anthrax. These precautions are for all patients being cared for in the hospital. Droplet, airborne, and contact precautions initiate additional measures beyond those for standard precautions.
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The nurse is evaluating a skin lesion on a client brought to the emergency department. The nurse notes characteristics of chickenpox but has the physician evaluate the lesion for which biologic disaster agent?
- A. Botulism
- B. Smallpox
- C. Rubella
- D. Anthrax
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smallpox may be mistaken for chickenpox due to the characteristics of the lesions. Botulism is a neurological toxin. Rubella is a communicable disease. Anthrax is a spore-forming bacterium that is inhaled or injected.
The student nurse is working with a nurse manager at a hospital when a disaster drill is announced over the hospital P.A. system. The nurse manager asks the nursing student what color triage tag is used for clients who have life threatening, but survivable conditions, if rapid medical attention is provided. What color is the triage tag for these clients?
- A. Red
- B. Yellow
- C. Green
- D. Black
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse is asking about clients that are labeled immediate when the clients suffer with life threatening, but survivable conditions, if rapid medical attention is provided. Immediate clients are given a red triage tag. Clients with yellow triage tags are labeled delayed, and have injuries serious but stable enough to survive if treatment is delayed 6-8 hours. Clients with green triage tags are labeled minimal, and have injuries that are minor and can wait longer to be addressed. Clients with black triage tags are labeled expectant, and are expected to die.
The nurse caring for victims of a volcano eruption knows that this disaster is categorized as a natural disaster. What is the other category of disaster?
- A. Man-made
- B. Artificial
- C. Earthly
- D. Human
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: There are essentially two types of disasters: (1) natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes; and (2) human disasters that may be intentionally or unintentionally caused such as explosions, fires, and acts of terrorism. 'Man-made', 'artificial', and 'earthly' are not accurate or specific categories of disasters.
The nurse is caring for a client affected by a nerve agent. The nurse quickly gives a tutorial on the neurotransmitters and nervous system affected. Which couplet is most correct?
- A. Acetylcholine, parasympathetic nervous system
- B. Serotonin, sympathetic nervous system
- C. Norepinephrine, sympathetic nervous system
- D. Dopamine, parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nerve agents cause fatal consequences by inhibiting acetyl cholinesterase. Acetyl cholinesterase is an enzyme that inactivates acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system. No other option is correct.
The nurse is caring for a victim of a chemical disaster. Medications given in the treatment of this client include amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulphate. What chemical agent does the nurse know this client has been exposed to?
- A. Sarin
- B. Mustard gas
- C. Cyanide
- D. Anthrax
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cyanide poisoning calls for the administration of one or all of the following antidotes: amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate. Amyl nitrite promotes the formation of methemoglobin, which combines with cyanide to form nontoxic cyanmethemoglobin. Sarin, mustard gas, and anthrax are not treated in this way.