Nokea
The emergency department nurse manager is orienting the new nurse regarding bioterrorism. The nurse manager would include which indicator(s) as an example of bioterrorism? Select all that apply.
- A. Small amount of people sick in a variety of locations in the area
- B. Clusters of sick people from a shared locale
- C. High outbreak of similar symptoms among previously healthy people
- D. Increased numbers of sick people seeking health care
- E. Majority of individuals presenting with general malaise
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: The nurse manager would explain that indicators of bioterrorism could include clusters of sick people from a shared locale, high outbreak of similar symptoms among previously healthy people, and increased numbers of sick people seeking healthcare. General malaise would not be the primary presentation of any bioterrorism attack.
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The nurse is caring for a client affected by a nerve agent. The nurse quickly gives a tutorial on the neurotransmitters and nervous system affected. Which couplet is most correct?
- A. Acetylcholine, parasympathetic nervous system
- B. Serotonin, sympathetic nervous system
- C. Norepinephrine, sympathetic nervous system
- D. Dopamine, parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nerve agents cause fatal consequences by inhibiting acetyl cholinesterase. Acetyl cholinesterase is an enzyme that inactivates acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system. No other option is correct.
The nurse is caring for a victim of a chemical disaster. Medications given in the treatment of this client include amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulphate. What chemical agent does the nurse know this client has been exposed to?
- A. Sarin
- B. Mustard gas
- C. Cyanide
- D. Anthrax
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cyanide poisoning calls for the administration of one or all of the following antidotes: amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate. Amyl nitrite promotes the formation of methemoglobin, which combines with cyanide to form nontoxic cyanmethemoglobin. Sarin, mustard gas, and anthrax are not treated in this way.
The emergency department nurse is caring for clients involved in a chlorine exposure accident at a local chemical plant. The nurse is aware that permanent damage can occur to which body systems?
- A. Cardiac
- B. Respiratory
- C. Renal
- D. Hepatic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The consequences of exposure to chlorine and other respiratory toxins are related to the amount, route, and length of chemical exposure. Death occurs as fluid infiltrates the pulmonary air spaces and terminal bronchioles interfering with gas exchange. Following recovery from an acute event, victims may develop chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
The nurse is evaluating a skin lesion on a client brought to the emergency department. The nurse notes characteristics of chickenpox but has the physician evaluate the lesion for which biologic disaster agent?
- A. Botulism
- B. Smallpox
- C. Rubella
- D. Anthrax
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smallpox may be mistaken for chickenpox due to the characteristics of the lesions. Botulism is a neurological toxin. Rubella is a communicable disease. Anthrax is a spore-forming bacterium that is inhaled or injected.
The nurse is caring for a client with internal radiologic contamination from the fallout. The client states, 'I need to get this out of me, and then I will be done with it.' The nurse is most correct to reply which of the following?
- A. Yes, we need to assure that we clean any debris from your wound which may be contaminated.'
- B. Yes, but you may have lingering effects from the exposure to your body.'
- C. Yes, but you must also consider further exposure from contaminated food and water sources.'
- D. Yes, we need to continue to document your recovery process and further disease processes.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Internal radiologic contamination occurs from exposure to fallout on the skin, in a wound, inhaled, or consumed through food and water. It is the nurse's responsibility to advise the client if further harm may occur and ways to decrease the risk.