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The student nurse is working with a nurse manager at a hospital when a disaster drill is announced over the hospital P.A. system. The nurse manager asks the nursing student what color triage tag is used for clients who have life threatening, but survivable conditions, if rapid medical attention is provided. What color is the triage tag for these clients?
- A. Red
- B. Yellow
- C. Green
- D. Black
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse is asking about clients that are labeled immediate when the clients suffer with life threatening, but survivable conditions, if rapid medical attention is provided. Immediate clients are given a red triage tag. Clients with yellow triage tags are labeled delayed, and have injuries serious but stable enough to survive if treatment is delayed 6-8 hours. Clients with green triage tags are labeled minimal, and have injuries that are minor and can wait longer to be addressed. Clients with black triage tags are labeled expectant, and are expected to die.
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The nurse educator is preparing a presentation about the indicators of chemical terrorism. The nurse educator would include which indicator(s) in the presentation? Select all that apply.
- A. Fog-like or low-lying cloud in the atmosphere
- B. Numerous dead animals and birds
- C. Increase in temperature in area of the event
- D. Strong wind in area of the event
- E. Unexplained odor atypical for the location
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: The indicators that the nurse educator would include in the presentation are fog-like or low-lying cloud in the atmosphere, numerous dead animals and birds, and unexplained odor atypical for the location. The temperature in the area would not increase after a chemical event. There would be no wind associated with a chemical event.
The nurse is caring for a client affected by a nerve agent. The nurse quickly gives a tutorial on the neurotransmitters and nervous system affected. Which couplet is most correct?
- A. Acetylcholine, parasympathetic nervous system
- B. Serotonin, sympathetic nervous system
- C. Norepinephrine, sympathetic nervous system
- D. Dopamine, parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nerve agents cause fatal consequences by inhibiting acetyl cholinesterase. Acetyl cholinesterase is an enzyme that inactivates acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system. No other option is correct.
The emergency department nurse is caring for clients involved in a chlorine exposure accident at a local chemical plant. The nurse is aware that permanent damage can occur to which body systems?
- A. Cardiac
- B. Respiratory
- C. Renal
- D. Hepatic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The consequences of exposure to chlorine and other respiratory toxins are related to the amount, route, and length of chemical exposure. Death occurs as fluid infiltrates the pulmonary air spaces and terminal bronchioles interfering with gas exchange. Following recovery from an acute event, victims may develop chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
The nurse is caring for three clients who have been diagnosed with anthrax. They were exposed after boarding a flight where a white powdery substance was found in one of the restrooms. The nurse knows that these clients would be classed as being victims of which of the following?
- A. A biologic disaster
- B. A natural disaster
- C. A radiologic disaster
- D. A chemical disaster
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anthrax is a biologic agent that could be the cause of a biologic disaster, one in which pathogens or their toxins cause harm to many humans and other living species. Anthrax is not a natural, radiologic, or chemical agent of disaster.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with botulism. Which medication classification does the nurse anticipate?
- A. An antibiotic
- B. An anti-inflammatory
- C. Antipyretics
- D. Antitoxins
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Botulism is treated with antitoxins to neutralize the botulinum toxin. Antibiotics are not effective against botulism, as it is caused by a toxin, not a bacterial infection. Anti-inflammatories and antipyretics are not indicated for botulism treatment.