Nokea
Which kind of hip fracture is usually repaired with a hip prosthesis?
- A. Intracapsular
- B. Extracapsular
- C. Subtrochanteric
- D. Intertrochanteric
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intracapsular fractures often require prosthetic repair.
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In helping Mr. Hall to maintain proper body alignment in bed to prevent dislocation of the prosthetic head and hip contracture, the nurse should assist the patient to lie
- A. straight in bed alternating head position from flat to 30° elevation and left leg abducted
- B. diagonally toward the right side of the bed with legs together
- C. flat on back in bed for first 48 hours with legs adducted
- D. on the right side only with the left leg in front of the right leg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This position minimizes stress on the new hip joint.
What do we call the layer of fatty tissue surrounding the axon of some neurons?
- A. cutaneous coating
- B. myelin sheath
- C. dendritic barrier
- D. synaptic sleeve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The myelin sheath is a layer of fatty tissue that surrounds the axons of some neurons, providing insulation and increasing the speed of electrical signal transmission. Myelin is produced by glial cells, such as oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Damage to the myelin sheath, as seen in conditions like multiple sclerosis, can impair neural communication and lead to neurological symptoms.
In the development of the nervous system, which is the correct order of events?
- A. First, cells must be specified to be neurons, second, these neurons must make connections with their targets, third, the neurons must migrate to their final position, and fourth, the neurons refine their synaptic connections.
- B. First, cells must be specified to be neurons, second, the neurons must migrate to their final position, third, these neurons must make connections with their targets, and fourth, the neurons refine their synaptic connections.
- C. First, cells must migrate to their final position, second, these cells must be specified to be neurons, third, the neurons must make connections with their targets, and fourth, the neurons refine their synaptic connections.
- D. First, the prospective neurons must make connections with their targets, second, the neurons refine their synaptic connections, third, the neurons must migrate to their final position, and fourth, the cells are specified to become neurons.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct sequence of nervous system development involves: (1) specification of cells as neurons, (2) migration of neurons to their final positions, (3) formation of connections with targets, and (4) refinement of synaptic connections. This order ensures proper neural circuit formation and function. Specification occurs first, followed by migration, which positions neurons correctly. Axon outgrowth and target connection occur next, and finally, synaptic pruning and refinement optimize neural communication.
Proper body alignment of the hemiplegic patient with the use of a footboard, trochanter rolls, and pillows will minimize the development of
- A. plantar extension
- B. shoulder abduction
- C. internal hip rotation
- D. external hip rotation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Footboards prevent plantar extension deformities.
What should be included in the management of a patient with delirium?
- A. The use of restraints to protect the patient from injury
- B. The use of short-acting benzodiazepines to sedate the patient
- C. Identification and treatment of underlying causes when possible
- D. Administration of high doses of an antipsychotic drug such as haloperidol (Haldol)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Identifying and treating underlying causes is key in managing delirium.