Nokea
Which layer of GI tract forms the innermost lining and continuously secretes mucus?
- A. serosa
- B. muscularis externa
- C. muscularis mucosa
- D. mucosa
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The mucosa is the innermost layer of the GI tract, lined with epithelial cells that secrete mucus to protect the tract and lubricate food passage.
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When suggesting menu options to a group of senior citizens, the nurse is careful to include which of the following choices that would enhance normal physiology and prevent the problem of constipation?
- A. Whole grains
- B. Highly spiced or flavored foods
- C. Limiting fluids
- D. Salads and fresh fruits
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Whole grains increase fiber intake, promoting bowel regularity and preventing constipation.
Surface epithelium of gastric mucosa:
- A. Secretes acidic mucous to form a protective gel
- B. Secretes neutral to alkaline mucus rich in bicarbonate to form a protective gel
- C. Shows basal basophilia & apical acidophilia
- D. Have pale cytoplasm & flattened basal nuclei
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The gastric surface epithelium secretes neutral to alkaline mucus with bicarbonate to protect the mucosa from acid and pepsin.
The nephron is surrounded by capillaries. What is their name?
- A. Multitubular capillaries
- B. Unitubular capillaries
- C. Peritubular capillaries
- D. Polytubular capillaries
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peritubular capillaries surround the nephron, facilitating reabsorption and secretion.
What waste does the integumentary system remove from the body?
- A. liquid waste
- B. carbon dioxide
- C. salt and water
- D. urea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The integumentary system, via sweat glands, removes salt and water through perspiration.
Match: Disaccharide
- A. a sugar composed of two monosaccharides
- B. stored form of energy
- C. used in DNA synthesis
- D. component of cell membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Disaccharides, like sucrose, consist of two monosaccharides linked together and are broken down into simpler sugars during digestion.