Nokea
Which part(s) of the esophagus necessitate(s) input from the central nervous system to orchestrate peristalsis?
- A. The upper third
- B. The middle third
- C. The lower third
- D. The upper and middle portions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The upper third of the esophagus, with striated muscle, requires CNS input (via the vagus nerve) for primary peristalsis.
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Of the following, which organ does food NOT pass through?
- A. pancreas
- B. stomach
- C. mouth
- D. small intestine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Food does not pass through the pancreas; it produces digestive enzymes that aid digestion.
In gut, serosa is outer most layer and made up of
- A. Endothelium
- B. Smooth muscles
- C. Mesothelium
- D. Dense connective tissue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The serosa, the outermost layer of the gut, is made of mesothelium and connective tissue.
Crypts of Lieberkuhn are found in between the villi. They secrete :
- A. Glucagon
- B. Succus entericus
- C. Insulin
- D. Gastric juice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crypts of Lieberkuhn secrete succus entericus for intestinal digestion.
All enzymes involved in protein digestion are:
- A. secreted by the pancreas
- B. activated by HCl
- C. present in the stomach
- D. secreted in an inactive form
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Protein-digesting enzymes like pepsinogen and trypsinogen are secreted in an inactive form and activated later.
What waste does the integumentary system remove from the body?
- A. liquid waste
- B. carbon dioxide
- C. salt and water
- D. urea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The integumentary system, via sweat glands, removes salt and water through perspiration.