Nokea
A client is being prepared for a colonoscopy, a test to visualize the large intestine. The nurse is aware that this examination will assist in identification of pathology of the:
- A. Large intestine
- B. Stomach
- C. Small intestine
- D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A colonoscopy visualizes the large intestine to detect abnormalities.
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Match each term with the correct description: organ that holds urine until it leaves the body
- A. urethra
- B. urinary system
- C. bladder
- D. kidneys
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The bladder stores urine until it is excreted.
Food tests were carried out on four different substances. Which substance contained both protein and reducing sugar?
- A. substance A
- B. substance B
- C. substance C
- D. substance D
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Substances testing positive for both the biuret test (protein) and Benedict's test (reducing sugar) indicate the presence of both protein and reducing sugars.
Surface epithelium of gastric mucosa:
- A. Secretes acidic mucous to form a protective gel
- B. Secretes neutral to alkaline mucus rich in bicarbonate to form a protective gel
- C. Shows basal basophilia & apical acidophilia
- D. Have pale cytoplasm & flattened basal nuclei
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The gastric surface epithelium secretes neutral to alkaline mucus with bicarbonate to protect the mucosa from acid and pepsin.
Saliva contains two enzymes. What are they?
- A. Amylase and pepsin
- B. Amylase and lysozyme
- C. Amylase and lipase
- D. Amylase and renin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Saliva contains salivary amylase (ptyalin) for starch digestion and lysozyme for antibacterial action. Pepsin is in the stomach, lipase is mainly pancreatic, and renin is unrelated to saliva.
Islets of Langerhans and are found in
- A. Modified lymph glands, pancreas
- B. Ductless glands, pancreas
- C. Specialized area, pituitary
- D. Small tubules, kidney
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Islets of Langerhans are endocrine (ductless) glands in the pancreas that secrete hormones like insulin.