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Which lifestyle factor is associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer?
- A. regular physical activity
- B. moderate alcohol consumption
- C. maintaining a healthy weight after menopause
- D. excessive alcohol consumption
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
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Which complication of adolescent pregnancy should the nurse plan to monitor?
- A. Anemia
- B. Placenta previa
- C. Abruptio placenta
- D. Incompetent cervix
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Incompetent cervix, also known as cervical insufficiency, is a condition where the cervix begins to dilate and efface prematurely due to weak cervical tissue. This can lead to late miscarriage or preterm birth. Adolescent mothers are at a higher risk for this complication due to their immature reproductive systems. Therefore, the nurse should plan to monitor for signs and symptoms of incompetent cervix in adolescent pregnant clients to prevent adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Anemia, placenta previa, and abruptio placenta are other potential complications of pregnancy, but they are not specifically associated with adolescent pregnancy.
What is contraceptive abstinence?
- A. mutual masturbation
- B. individual masturbation
- C. oral stimulation of the genitals
- D. avoiding penis-in-vagina intercourse
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Contraceptive abstinence refers to avoiding penis-in-vagina intercourse to prevent pregnancy. It is a method of birth control where sexual partners choose not to engage in sexual intercourse during fertile periods to avoid the risk of pregnancy. This method relies on refraining from penetrative sex or any ejaculatory contact between the penis and vagina. It is a natural form of birth control and does not involve the use of contraceptives or devices.
A newborn is delivered vaginally in the breech presentation. When examining her baby, the mother asks if the baby has been injured during birth because of the large black and blue areas on the buttocks and legs, The nurse should respond that:
- A. This is not a birth injury probably just a birthmark
- B. These are caused by forceps used to aid in the delivery of the baby
- C. This a temporary complication that will disappear in about a week
- D. These Mongolian spots, common in dark-skinned babies, disappear within a year
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The large black and blue areas on the buttocks and legs of the newborn are likely Mongolian spots. Mongolian spots are common in infants with dark skin and are not a result of birth trauma. They are benign birthmarks caused by pigment that did not make it to the top layer of the skin before birth. These spots typically fade over time and may disappear completely within a few years. It is important to educate parents about Mongolian spots to alleviate any concerns they may have about their baby's skin markings.
The nurse is monitoring a pregnant client with suspected gestational hypertension. What finding confirms the diagnosis?
- A. Proteinuria.
- B. Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg on two occasions.
- C. Edema of the hands and feet.
- D. Elevated blood glucose levels.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gestational hypertension is diagnosed by consistent readings of 140/90 mmHg or higher without proteinuria.
A client at 12 weeks' gestation reports mild cramping and spotting. What is the nurse's priority intervention?
- A. Reassure the client that this is normal.
- B. Encourage the client to hydrate.
- C. Advise the client to avoid heavy lifting.
- D. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spotting and cramping in early pregnancy could indicate a threatened miscarriage, requiring immediate evaluation.