Nokea
Which ligament arises from the pubic symphysis in males?
- A. Fundiform ligament
- B. Broad ligament
- C. Suspensory ligament
- D. Ejaculatory ligament
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Suspensory ligament. This ligament arises from the pubic symphysis in males and supports the male reproductive organs. It helps suspend the penis and testes in the scrotum. The Fundiform ligament (A) supports the penis, the Broad ligament (B) supports the uterus, and the Ejaculatory ligament (D) is not a ligament associated with the pubic symphysis in males.
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A nurse goes to a high school to teach students about reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections. Which of the following is the best answer for providing information on the prevention of STIs?
- A. Have monogamous sex with an infected partner.
- B. Abstain from sexual activities.
- C. Wash any areas where there has been indirect contact with semen or vaginal mucus.
- D. Avoid protected sex until you and sexual partners have completed treatment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abstinence is the most effective way to prevent STIs.
Morphology of fibrocytic disease:
- A. Apocrine metaplasia
- B. Proliferation of ductules
- C. Epithelial hyperplasia
- D. Giant cell
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epithelial hyperplasia. Fibrocytic disease involves nonproliferative and proliferative fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. Epithelial hyperplasia is a common proliferative change seen in fibrocystic disease, characterized by increased number of epithelial cells in the ducts and lobules. Apocrine metaplasia, choice A, is another common change in fibrocystic disease but is not specific to morphology. Proliferation of ductules, choice B, is not a characteristic feature of fibrocystic disease. Giant cells, choice D, are not typically associated with fibrocystic changes.
Mrs. Harden is being prepared for discharge and anticipates outpatient radiation therapy for cancer of the cervix. Which information should be included in her discharge teaching plan?
- A. Maintaining intake and output records
- B. Applying ointment to irradiated areas
- C. Reporting redness, desquamation, and telangiectasis to her radiologist
- D. Maintaining a vigorous exercise program
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reporting skin changes to the radiologist ensures timely management of radiation side effects.
Which of these is not produced by the placenta?
- A. estrogen
- B. relaxin
- C. progesterone
- D. lactogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: relaxin. The placenta produces estrogen, progesterone, and lactogen to support pregnancy. Relaxin is primarily produced by the corpus luteum and later by the placenta. However, it is not exclusively produced by the placenta, making it the correct choice. Estrogen is crucial for fetal development and maintaining pregnancy. Progesterone helps in preparing the uterus for implantation and supporting the pregnancy. Lactogen (human placental lactogen) plays a role in regulating maternal metabolism and fetal growth.
Primary spermatogonium undergo:
- A. two mitotic divisions to become a secondary spermatocyte
- B. mitosis and then meiosis to become a secondary spermatocyte
- C. two meiotic divisions to become a secondary spermatocyte
- D. meiosis and differentiation to become a secondary spermatocyte
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Primary spermatogonium undergo mitosis to replicate and maintain the diploid chromosome number, then meiosis to reduce the chromosome number, resulting in secondary spermatocytes. Choice A is incorrect as it skips meiosis. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests two meiotic divisions from primary spermatogonium, which is not accurate. Choice D is incorrect because it fails to mention the initial step of mitosis before meiosis in the process.