Nokea
Which measures or drugs may be effective in controlling pain in the physiologic pain process stage of transduction (select all that apply)?
- A. Distraction
- B. Corticosteroids
- C. Epidural opioids
- D. Local anesthetics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answers are D, Local anesthetics, distraction, and NSAIDs target the transduction stage.
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What is the mechanism of the placebo effect?
- A. Individual believes a treatment method will be effective
- B. Individual believes that the treatment is spiritual in nature
- C. Individual believes the physician and his or her capabilities
- D. Individual believes that the treatment method is without pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The placebo effect occurs when an individual believes a treatment will work, leading to psychological and physiological improvements due to positive expectations.
What are the recommendations that can help develop culturally sensitive nursing care?
- A. Learn about different cultures,avoid stereotypes and involve clients in decision-making.
- B. Focus solely on universal care standards.
- C. Ignore cultural differences.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Understanding cultural nuances and involving clients in care decisions enhances cultural competence and improves outcomes.
To prevent a common, adverse effect of prolonged use of phenytoin sodium (Dilantin), patients taking the drug are instructed to
- A. avoid crowds and obtain an annual influenza vaccination.
- B. drink at least 2 L of fluids daily, including 8 to 10 glasses of water.
- C. eat a potassium-rich, low-sodium diet.
- D. practice good dental hygiene and report gum swelling or bleeding.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenytoin can cause gum hyperplasia, so good dental hygiene is essential.
Joan is diagnosed with a ruptured aneurysm. She wonders why this was not picked up in her annual physical. You respond by saying
- A. The physician must have misread the x-ray.
- B. The aneurysm must have developed since the physical.
- C. Aneurysms are often asymptomatic.
- D. Do not be too concerned because this happens all the time.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aneurysms can develop silently without noticeable symptoms.
Yesterday, a male client had a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Today, the client is concerned about the small amount of blood found in his urine. The nurse should explain to the client that the blood:
- A. should not be there on the second day.
- B. will stop when the Foley catheter is removed.
- C. is normal and he should not be concerned.
- D. can be removed by irrigating the bladder.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Some hematuria is usual for several days after surgery. The client should not be concerned, unless the amount increases. The client will continue to have a small amount of hematuria even after the Foley catheter is removed. Some hematuria is usual for several days after surgery. The client should not be concerned, unless the amount increases. Irrigating the bladder will not remove the hematuria. Irrigation is performed to remove blood clots and to facilitate urinary drainage.