Nokea
Which medication classification is prescribed when allergy is a factor causing the skin disorder?
- A. Corticosteroids
- B. Antihistamines
- C. Antibiotics
- D. Local anesthetics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antihistamines are frequently prescribed when an allergy is a factor in causing the skin disorder. They relieve itching and shorten the duration of allergic reaction. Corticosteroids are used to relieve inflammatory or allergic symptoms. Antibiotics are used to treat infectious disorders. Local anesthetics are used to relieve minor skin pain and itching.
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The nurse is performing a skin assessment on a client who points out a small, round, flat area of skin that is a different color than the surrounding tissue. What term should the nurse use to document this finding?
- A. Macule
- B. Papule
- C. Vesicle
- D. Wheal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should document this finding as a macule, which describes a flat, round, and colored area of skin. A papule is solid and has an elevated, obvious raised border. A vesicle is elevated, round, and filled with serum. A wheal is elevated, has an irregular border, and contains no free fluid.
The nurse observes a client's fingernails have a concave shape. What laboratory studies should the nurse review?
- A. Hemoglobin and hematocrit
- B. Arterial blood gases
- C. BUN and creatinine
- D. Glucose level
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normal nails appear slightly convex with a 160?° angle between the nail base and the skin. Concave-shaped nails, referred to as 'spooning' because of their characteristic appearance, are a sign of iron-deficiency anemia. ABGs, BUN and creatinine, and glucose levels are not related to this shape of nail.
The nurse is changing a brief for a client that has been incontinent of stool and observes an area over the left trochanter that is reddened and in the center of the area is a shallow skin tear. The nurse takes a picture of the wound for the chart. How will the nurse stage this wound?
- A. Stage I
- B. Stage II
- C. Stage III
- D. Stage IV
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A stage II pressure sore is red and is accompanied by blistering or a shallow break in the skin, sometimes described as a skin tear. Stage I pressure sores are characterized by redness of intact skin. The reddened skin of a beginning pressure sore fails to resume its normal color, or blanch when pressure is relieved. Stage III has superficial skin impairment that progresses to a shallow crater that extends to the subcutaneous tissue. Stage IV has tissue damage that is deeply ulcerated, exposing muscle and sometimes bone.
The nurse is administering a medication to a client who is suffering from pain related to partial thickened burns. The medication will interrupt the sensation and transmission of pain stimuli. What type of nociceptors will this medication block?
- A. Thermoreceptors
- B. Mechanoreceptors
- C. Nociceptors
- D. Alpha receptors
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nociceptors sense and transmit the location of pain stimuli. Thermoreceptors perceive sensations of heat and cold. Mechanoreceptors detect touch, location, pressure, motion, vibration, size, and texture. Alpha receptors trigger autonomic responses.
Which of the following causes odor in perspiration?
- A. Sunlight
- B. Bacteria on the skin
- C. Air pollutants
- D. Cloudy environment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Perspiration is odorless. An odor develops when perspiration mixes with bacteria on the skin. Sunlight, air pollutants, and a cloudy environment do not cause odor in perspiration.