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Which medication would the nurse expect to be prescribed for a client with moderate stages of Alzheimer's disease?
- A. Risperidone (Risperdal)
- B. Alprazolam (Xanax)
- C. Donepezil (Aricept)
- D. Haloperidol (Haldol)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Risperidone is an antipsychotic used for behavioral issues in dementia, not cognitive decline. Alprazolam is an anxiolytic, not indicated for Alzheimer’s cognitive symptoms. Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor commonly prescribed to improve cognition and slow symptom progression in moderate Alzheimer’s. Haloperidol, an antipsychotic, treats agitation but doesn’t enhance cognition and has higher side effect risks.
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Which therapeutic intervention would the nurse include in a care plan for a client with Alzheimer's disease?
- A. Avoid exercise because of the risk of falls.
- B. Frequently orient to time, place, and person
- C. Place client in group therapy with about 10
- D. Provide a stimulating environment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Exercise benefits Alzheimer’s clients, reducing fall risk with supervision. Frequent orientation maintains cognition and security. Large groups overwhelm due to cognitive limits. Over-stimulation causes confusion; moderate stimulation is better.
Which of the following mental health disorders commonly occurs in older adults?
- A. Personality disorder
- B. Depression
- C. Somatoform disorder
- D. Schizophrenia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Personality disorders are lifelong, not age-specific. Depression is prevalent in older adults due to health and social changes. Somatoform disorders aren’t age-specific. Schizophrenia onset is earlier, not typical in later life.
For several days, an elderly client becomes confused and agitated after supper. This is an example of which of the following?
- A. Sundown syndrome
- B. Dementia
- C. Age-associated memory impairment
- D. Delirium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sundown syndrome is increased confusion and agitation in the evening, matching the pattern. Dementia is broader and not time-specific. Age-associated memory impairment is mild and doesn’t include agitation. Delirium is acute and not tied to a daily cycle.
A nurse in an acute care facility is assisting with the admission of an older adult client who has late stage Alzheimer's disease. The nurse notes that the client's partner appears exhausted. He states that he is finding it more and more difficult to care for his partner. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Suggest that the client's partner see a counselor to help him cope with his exhaustion.
- B. Encourage the client's partner to call a family meeting to ask for help.
- C. Ask the partner to talk about his difficulties in caring for the client.
- D. Recommend that the client's partner place the client in a long-term care facility.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Counseling helps later, not first. Family meetings follow understanding needs. Asking about difficulties assesses the situation, guiding support. Recommending placement is premature without discussion.
A client with Alzheimer's disease has lost all sense of time and place and has developed visual agnosia. The client is in which of the following stages of Alzheimer's disease?
- A. Intermediate stage
- B. Severe stage
- C. End stage
- D. Early stage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The intermediate stage might involve moderate memory loss and some disorientation, but not typically severe symptoms like complete loss of time and place or visual agnosia. In the severe stage, clients exhibit major confusion, losing all sense of time and place, and may develop visual agnosia (inability to recognize objects), aligning with the client’s condition. The end stage involves near-total dependence and loss of physical abilities, often beyond the cognitive symptoms described. Early-stage symptoms are mild, like forgetfulness, and don’t include such advanced disorientation.