Nokea
Which mineral is responsible for regulating fluid balance in the body?
- A. Chloride
- B. Sodium
- C. Calcium
- D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sodium is the mineral responsible for regulating fluid balance in the body. It helps maintain proper hydration levels by controlling the movement of water in and out of cells. Sodium also plays a crucial role in nerve function and muscle contractions. Therefore, maintaining the right balance of sodium is essential for overall health.
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A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, and no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?
- A. Epithelial
- B. Connective
- C. Muscle
- D. Nervous
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial. Epithelial tissues are made up of closely packed cells that line the surfaces and cavities of the body. The characteristics described in the question, such as cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, tall and thin cells, absence of extracellular matrix, and no blood vessels, are typical of epithelial tissues. These tissues serve functions like protection, absorption, and secretion, making them well-suited for lining organs like the stomach.
Which structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?
- A. hypothalamus
- B. adrenal gland
- C. testes
- D. pancreas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a region of the brain located below the thalamus that plays a crucial role in controlling the pituitary gland. It releases hormones that either stimulate or inhibit hormone production in the pituitary gland, thus regulating various bodily functions. The adrenal gland, testes, and pancreas do not directly control the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.
Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system?
- A. Ureter.
- B. Testis.
- C. Epididymis.
- D. Urethra.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Which glands of the skin produce a thin, watery secretion?
- A. Sebaceous glands
- B. Eccrine glands
- C. Apocrine glands
- D. Endocrine glands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eccrine glands are the correct answer. These glands produce a thin, watery secretion known as sweat. The primary function of eccrine glands is to regulate body temperature by releasing sweat that evaporates and cools the body. Sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance, apocrine glands release a thicker secretion, and endocrine glands are responsible for hormone secretion.
How many different types of tissues are there in the human body?
- A. four
- B. six
- C. eight
- D. ten
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The human body is composed of four main types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, connective tissue provides support and structure, muscle tissue allows movement, and nervous tissue coordinates body activities through electrical signals. Therefore, the correct answer is four.