Nokea
Which mode of action has insulin in muscles?
- A. Decrease glucose absorption
- B. Decrease glycolysis
- C. Enhance glycolysis
- D. Decrease amino acid absorption
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin enhances glycolysis in muscles by increasing glucose uptake and utilization.
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Which of the following combinations of drugs should be used in the treatment of a patient with organophosphate poisoning?
- A. Atropine and epinephrine
- B. Epinephrine and isoproterenol
- C. Norepinephrine and propranolol
- D. Atropine and pralidoxime
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atropine blocks muscarinic effects, and pralidoxime regenerates cholinesterase.
One major drug used to treat bipolar disease is lithium. Because lithium has a narrow therapeutic range, it is important to recognize symptoms of toxicity, such as:
- A. Orthostatic hypotension
- B. Agitation and irritability
- C. Drowsiness and nausea
- D. Painful urination and abdominal distention
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lithium toxicity commonly presents with drowsiness and nausea.
The average starting dose of warfarin is 5 mg daily. Higher doses of 7.5 mg daily should be considered in which patients?
- A. Pregnant women
- B. Elderly men
- C. Overweight or obese patients
- D. Patients with multiple comorbidities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Overweight/obese patients may need higher warfarin doses due to larger volume of distribution; pregnancy contraindicates warfarin.
Which of the following drugs used for gout decreases net renal tubular reabsorption of uric acid?
- A. Hypoxanthine
- B. Indomethacin
- C. Colchicine
- D. Allopurinol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Colchicine reduces inflammation but also decreases uric acid reabsorption indirectly.
Which of the following is a representative of sulfonylurea?
- A. Merformin
- B. Glibenclamide
- C. Acarbose
- D. Liraglutide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glibenclamide is a sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin release from beta cells.