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Which monosaccharide only occurs naturally in foods in combination with another sugar as a disaccharide?
- A. Fructose.
- B. Galactose.
- C. Sucrose.
- D. Maltose.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, galactose. Galactose naturally occurs in foods only when it is combined with glucose to form lactose, a disaccharide found in milk. Fructose is a monosaccharide found in fruits and honey. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, commonly known as table sugar. Maltose is a disaccharide formed by the combination of two glucose molecules.
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How many kilocalories (kcal) are provided by 35 g of fat?
- A. 140
- B. 245
- C. 315
- D. 360
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, so 35 grams of fat provides 315 kcal. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choice A (140) is incorrect because it doesn't consider the energy content of fat. Choice B (245) is incorrect as it miscalculates the kilocalories provided by 35g of fat. Choice D (360) is incorrect because it overestimates the kilocalories provided by 35g of fat.
The process of photosynthesis is responsible for the synthesis of:
- A. carbohydrates.
- B. proteins.
- C. fats.
- D. vitamins.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: carbohydrates. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy stored in glucose (a type of carbohydrate). This glucose is used by the organisms for energy production and as a building block for other organic compounds. Choice B, proteins, is incorrect because proteins are synthesized through a different process involving amino acids. Choice C, fats, are not directly synthesized through photosynthesis; they are typically formed from excess carbohydrates. Choice D, vitamins, are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for various physiological functions but are not directly synthesized through photosynthesis.
Where are sugar alcohols most likely to be found?
- A. Fermented foods.
- B. Low-calorie foods.
- C. Fruits and vegetables.
- D. Fiber supplements.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sugar alcohols are commonly found in low-calorie foods as sweetening agents without the calorie content of regular sugars. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because sugar alcohols are not typically found in fermented foods, fruits, vegetables, or fiber supplements. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
How are lipids carried in the bloodstream?
- A. Micelles.
- B. Glycolipids.
- C. Lecithin.
- D. Lipoproteins.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lipids are carried in the bloodstream in the form of lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are complexes of proteins and lipids that transport fats to various parts of the body. While micelles, glycolipids, and lecithin are all related to lipid metabolism, they are not the primary carriers of lipids in the bloodstream. Micelles are small lipid clusters in the intestines, glycolipids are lipids with a carbohydrate attached, and lecithin is a type of phospholipid. Therefore, lipoproteins are the correct answer as they are specifically designed for transporting lipids through the bloodstream.
Sucrose consists of a combination of glucose and:
- A. maltose.
- B. fructose.
- C. galactose.
- D. lactose.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, fructose. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. Maltose (choice A) is composed of two glucose molecules, galactose (choice C) is a monosaccharide, and lactose (choice D) is composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose. Therefore, fructose is the correct choice for the second component of sucrose.