Nokea
Which motor activity is primarily responsible for mixing and churning food in the small intestine to enhance digestion and absorption?
- A. Peristalsis
- B. Segmentation
- C. Migrating motor complex
- D. Gastric emptying
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Segmentation mixes chyme with digestive enzymes and increases mucosal contact for absorption in the small intestine.
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Ito cells, all true except:
- A. Hepatic stellate cells that store vitamin A.
- B. Liver cirrhosis, these cells may differentiate into myofibroblasts to synthesize collagen & induce fibrosis.
- C. One of the contents of the perisinusoidal space
- D. They are highly phagocytic cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ito (stellate) cells store vitamin A and contribute to fibrosis, but Kupffer cells, not Ito cells, are phagocytic.
During physical examination the nurse notes an absence of bowel sounds. What does this finding indicate about the function of the gastrointestinal tract?
- A. Reduced peristalsis
- B. Normal digestion
- C. Increased motility
- D. Excessive gas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Absent bowel sounds suggest reduced or absent peristalsis, possibly indicating ileus or obstruction.
Secondary papilla has separate epith. Cap in:
- A. Filiform papilla.
- B. Fungiform papilla.
- C. Foliate papilla.
- D. Circumvallate papilla.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Filiform papillae have secondary papillae with separate epithelial caps extending from the primary papillae, unlike other papillae types.
Which body system is NOT a part of the excretory system?
- A. respiratory system
- B. digestive system
- C. circulatory system
- D. urinary system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The circulatory system transports substances but is not directly part of excretion.
The hepatic flexure of the large intestine occurs between the:
- A. transverse colon and descending colon
- B. cecum and ascending colon
- C. ascending colon and transverse colon
- D. descending colon and rectum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The hepatic flexure is located between the ascending colon and the transverse colon.