Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf related questions and content

Which neurotransmitter is released by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to increase heart rate and the force of contraction of the heart?

  • A. Norepinephrine
  • B. Epinephrine
  • C. Dopamine
  • D. Acetylcholine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is released by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to increase heart rate and the force of contraction. This neurotransmitter acts on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, leading to these effects. Epinephrine (choice B) is also released by the SNS and acts similarly to norepinephrine but is not as specific for the heart's beta-1 receptors. Dopamine (choice C) primarily acts as a precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine and does not directly increase heart rate or force of contraction. Acetylcholine (choice D) is released by the parasympathetic nervous system and decreases heart rate and the force of contraction.

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If Mr. G experiences ventricular fibrillation, which drug would the nurse prepare to administer?

  • A. Morphine
  • B. Digitalis
  • C. Epinephrine
  • D. Atropine
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Epinephrine is used to treat ventricular fibrillation.

The nurse is administering nitroglycerin IV to a client with chest pain. What is the most important parameter to monitor?

  • A. Blood pressure
  • B. Heart rate
  • C. Oxygen saturation
  • D. Respiratory rate
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blood pressure. When administering nitroglycerin IV for chest pain, monitoring blood pressure is crucial as it can drop significantly, leading to hypotension. This can cause further complications. Heart rate may increase initially due to vasodilation, but it's not the most important parameter. Oxygen saturation and respiratory rate are also important but monitoring blood pressure takes precedence in this situation.

This is a procedure where a small mesh tube is inserted into an artery to keep it open and improve blood flow.

  • A. Stent placement
  • B. Angioplasty
  • C. Bypass surgery
  • D. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stent placement. Stent placement involves inserting a mesh tube into an artery to keep it open and improve blood flow. This procedure is minimally invasive compared to bypass surgery (C) and CABG (D), which involve rerouting blood flow. Angioplasty (B) is related but specifically refers to widening the artery using a balloon catheter, not inserting a mesh tube like in stent placement. Therefore, A is the best choice for the given procedure.

One of the most serious complications of myocardial infarction that Mrs. Payer could develop is

  • A. constipation
  • B. dehydration
  • C. elevated blood pressure
  • D. ventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ventricular tachycardia poses significant risk for hemodynamic instability.

What is a condition where the walls of the arteries become thickened and stiff, often due to the buildup of plaque, leading to reduced blood flow?

  • A. Atherosclerosis
  • B. Angina
  • C. Hypertension
  • D. Arrhythmia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Atherosclerosis is the correct answer because it specifically refers to the condition where artery walls become thickened and stiff due to plaque buildup. Plaque accumulation narrows the arteries, reducing blood flow and potentially leading to serious complications. Angina (B) is chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart but is not a direct result of arterial thickening. Hypertension (C) is high blood pressure and does not involve artery wall thickening. Arrhythmia (D) is an irregular heart rhythm and is not related to arterial stiffness. Thus, Atherosclerosis (A) best fits the description provided in the question.

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