Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf related questions and content

What is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body?

  • A. Heart failure
  • B. Cardiomyopathy
  • C. Pericarditis
  • D. Aortic stenosis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Heart failure is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently.
Step 2: This inefficiency leads to fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary congestion) and other parts of the body.
Step 3: Cardiomyopathy is a broad term for diseases that affect the heart muscle but may not necessarily result in heart failure.
Step 4: Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart, not directly related to heart pumping efficiency.
Step 5: Aortic stenosis is a condition where the aortic valve narrows, affecting blood flow from the heart but not necessarily leading to heart failure.

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Which term refers to the ability of the heart to initiate impulses repetitively and spontaneously?

  • A. Contractility
  • B. Excitability
  • C. Automaticity
  • D. Rhythmicity
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Automaticity. Automaticity refers to the ability of the heart to generate electrical impulses spontaneously, without external stimulation. This allows the heart to initiate its own contractions independently of external influences. Contractility (A) refers to the ability of the heart muscle to contract in response to an electrical stimulus. Excitability (B) refers to the ability of cardiac cells to respond to an electrical stimulus. Rhythmicity (D) refers to the regularity of the heart's electrical impulses. Thus, C is the correct answer as it specifically addresses the heart's ability to generate impulses spontaneously.

A client with dysrhythmia has decreased cardiac output. Which of the following nursing interventions is essential to maintain adequate cardiac output?

  • A. Encourage mild exercises
  • B. Place the client in supine position
  • C. Ensure a client IV access
  • D. Provide supplemental oxygen
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Supplemental oxygen improves oxygen delivery to tissues, supporting cardiac output in clients with dysrhythmias.

Which type of medication is used to reduce the workload on the heart by slowing down the heart rate and lowering blood pressure?

  • A. Beta-blocker
  • B. ACE inhibitor
  • C. Calcium channel blocker
  • D. Diuretic
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Beta-blocker. Beta-blockers reduce the workload on the heart by blocking the action of adrenaline on beta receptors, slowing down heart rate and lowering blood pressure. This helps to decrease the heart's oxygen demand and improve its efficiency. ACE inhibitors (B) work by dilating blood vessels, Calcium channel blockers (C) block calcium entry into cells to relax blood vessels, and Diuretics (D) reduce blood volume by increasing urine output, but they do not specifically target reducing the workload on the heart.

In developing a plan of care in relation to Mr. Robertson's diuretic therapy, it would be most important to

  • A. Monitor vital signs frequently
  • B. Give the Lasix with milk
  • C. Observe for fluid overload
  • D. Observe for signs of hypokalemia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hypokalemia is a common side effect of diuretics.

A patient with cardiogenic shock receives a nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac output. With the appropriate interventions, the anticipated outcome is for the patient to achieve:

  • A. baseline activity level.
  • B. baseline cardiac function.
  • C. decreased afterload.
  • D. reduced anxiety.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Restoring baseline cardiac function is the goal in managing decreased cardiac output.

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