ATI Fundamentals LPN

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Which nursing actions will increase efficient management of client care and decrease the ramifications of the nursing shortage?

  • A. Pursuing postlicensure education
  • B. Becoming cross-trained in another area of the hospital
  • C. Taking early retirement
  • D. Implementing evidenced-based clinical pathways
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Addressing the nursing shortage and improving client care efficiency requires strategic actions that bolster the workforce and optimize practice. Pursuing postlicensure education enhances nurses' skills and adaptability, enabling them to handle diverse patient needs effectively, thus reducing strain from shortages. Becoming cross-trained in other hospital areas increases flexibility, allowing nurses to cover gaps and maintain care continuity across units. Implementing evidence-based clinical pathways standardizes care with proven methods, streamlining processes and minimizing errors, which is crucial when staffing is limited. Coordinating services before discharge ensures smoother transitions, reducing readmissions and workload. Taking early retirement, however, exacerbates the shortage by reducing experienced staff, counteracting efficiency goals. These proactive measures collectively strengthen care delivery, mitigate shortage impacts, and support a resilient healthcare system.

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A nurse observes that the past five clients referred from a community clinic have been treated for drug and/or alcohol overdose. Based on this information, the nurse assumes that the clinic specializes in the treatment of substance use. This is an example of what type of reasoning?

  • A. Deductive reasoning
  • B. Inductive reasoning
  • C. General systems theory
  • D. Nursing process
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Inductive reasoning involves observing specific instances to form a general conclusion, as seen here. The nurse notes five overdose cases from a clinic and infers it specializes in substance use, moving from particular observations to a broader assumption. Deductive reasoning reverses this, applying a general rule (e.g., all overdose clinics specialize) to a specific case, not fitting here. General systems theory analyzes wholes and parts, irrelevant to this logic. The nursing process is a care method, not reasoning. Inductive reasoning's strength lies in pattern recognition, useful in nursing for hypothesis generation like identifying care trends but risks overgeneralization without further data. It shapes initial assessments, guiding deeper inquiry into the clinic's role, reflecting nurses' adaptive thinking in real-world settings.

When recording blood pressure, the sounds which can be heard with a stethoscope placed over the artery is termed as:

  • A. Wheeze
  • B. Murmurs
  • C. Crackle sounds
  • D. Korotkoff sounds
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Blood pressure measurement involves listening to arterial sounds via a stethoscope as the cuff deflates. These sounds, known as Korotkoff sounds, occur in five phases, starting with a tapping (systolic pressure) and fading to silence (diastolic pressure). Wheezes are respiratory sounds, murmurs relate to heart valves, and crackles indicate lung fluid none apply to blood pressure. Named after Nikolai Korotkoff, these sounds are a cornerstone of manual blood pressure assessment, ensuring accurate readings essential for diagnosing hypertension or hypotension, reflecting cardiovascular health.

Becky has been NPO since midnight in preparation for a blood test. The adreno-cortical response is activated. Which of the following is an expected response?

  • A. Low blood pressure
  • B. Warm, dry skin
  • C. Decreased serum sodium levels
  • D. Decreased urine output
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The adrenocortical response, triggered by fasting (NPO status), activates stress hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, conserving resources during deprivation. Decreased urine output results from aldosterone's promotion of sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, maintaining fluid volume and blood pressure. This adaptation counters the stress of fasting, ensuring homeostasis. Low blood pressure would oppose this, as the response aims to stabilize circulation, not reduce it. Warm, dry skin isn't typical; stress might cause cool, clammy skin from vasoconstriction, but fasting alone doesn't dictate this. Decreased serum sodium levels contradict aldosterone's sodium-retaining effect, which elevates or stabilizes sodium. Decreased urine output aligns with the body's conservation mechanism, making it the expected physiological response in this scenario, critical for nurses to recognize during patient monitoring.

Type of recording that integrates all data about the problem, gathered by members of the health team.

  • A. POMR
  • B. Traditional
  • C. Resource oriented
  • D. Source oriented
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: POMR (Problem-Oriented Medical Record) (A) integrates team data per problem, per Weed's system. Traditional (B) and source-oriented (D) separate by discipline. Resource-oriented (C) isn't recognized. A fits interdisciplinary focus, making it correct.

Which of the following nursing intervention is needed before teaching a client post spleenectomy deep breathing and coughing exercises?

  • A. Tell the patient that deep breathing and coughing exercises is needed to promote good breathing, circulation and prevent complication
  • B. Tell the client that deep breathing and coughing exercises is needed to prevent Thrombophlebitis, hydrostatic pneumonia and atelectasis
  • C. Medicate client for pain
  • D. Tell client that cooperation is vital to improve recovery
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Medicating for pain (C) is needed before teaching post-splenectomy exercises; pain hinders participation, per nursing care. General benefits (A), specific risks (B), and cooperation (D) follow pain control. C ensures effective learning, making it correct.

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