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Which nursing approach for communication would be best if the client becomes confused?
- A. Turn the television on so the client can hear human voices.
- B. Play some music when the client is aggressive.
- C. Orient the client to the surroundings and current situations.
- D. Look at and talk about pictures in a photo album of the client's life.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Orienting the client to their surroundings and current situations helps reduce confusion and anxiety in clients with AIDS dementia complex.
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The nurse caring for a client who has been abusing amphetamines writes a problem of 'cardiovascular compromise.' Which nursing interventions should be implemented?
- A. Monitor the telemetry and vital signs every four (4) hours.
- B. Encourage the client to verbalize the reason for using drugs.
- C. Provide a quiet, calm atmosphere for the client to rest.
- D. Place the client on bedrest and a low-sodium diet.
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Amphetamine abuse can cause tachycardia and hypertension. Monitoring telemetry and vital signs (A) detects cardiovascular changes, and a calm atmosphere (C) reduces stimulation. Verbalizing reasons (B) is psychosocial, and bedrest/low-sodium diet (D) is not indicated.
Which is a common cognitive problem associated with Parkinson’s disease?
- A. Emotional lability.
- B. Depression.
- C. Memory deficits.
- D. Paranoia.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Depression (B) is a common cognitive/emotional problem in Parkinson’s due to dopamine dysregulation and chronic illness impact. Emotional lability (A) is less common, memory deficits (C) occur later, and paranoia (D) is not typical.
The client diagnosed with PD is being discharged on carbidopa/levodopa (Sinemet), an antiparkinsonian drug. Which statement is the scientific rationale for combining these medications?
- A. There will be fewer side effects with this combination than with carbidopa alone.
- B. Dopamine D requires the presence of both of these medications to work.
- C. Carbidopa makes more levodopa available to the brain.
- D. Carbidopa crosses the blood-brain barrier to treat Parkinson’s disease.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbidopa inhibits peripheral breakdown of levodopa, allowing more levodopa to cross the blood-brain barrier and convert to dopamine (C). This enhances efficacy and reduces side effects. Other options are incorrect.
Which statement by the female client indicates that the client understands factors that may precipitate seizure activity?
- A. It is all right for me to drink coffee for breakfast.'
- B. My menstrual cycle will not affect my seizure disorder.'
- C. I am going to take a class in stress management.'
- D. I should wear dark glasses when I am out in the sun.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stress can trigger seizures, so stress management classes (C) indicate understanding of seizure precipitants. Coffee (A) may increase seizure risk, menstrual cycles (B) can affect seizures due to hormonal changes, and dark glasses (D) are unrelated unless photosensitivity is a trigger.
Which assessment data indicate that the client with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) exhibiting decorticate posturing on admission is responding effectively to treatment?
- A. The client has flaccid paralysis.
- B. The client has purposeful movement.
- C. The client has decerebrate posturing with painful stimuli.
- D. The client does not move the extremities.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Purposeful movement (B) indicates improved brain function compared to decorticate posturing. Flaccid paralysis (A) or decerebrate posturing (C) suggest worsening, and no movement (D) is not an improvement.