Nokea
Which nutrient is essential for preventing anemia in pregnant women?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Iron
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Iron. Iron is essential for preventing anemia in pregnant women because it is a key component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to tissues and organs. During pregnancy, the demand for iron increases to support the growing fetus and the mother's increased blood volume. Without adequate iron intake, pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing iron-deficiency anemia, which can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Vitamin C is important for iron absorption but does not directly prevent anemia.
B: Vitamin D is important for bone health but does not prevent anemia.
D: Calcium is important for bone health but does not prevent anemia in pregnant women.
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What is the appropriate action to take if a child is found to have a fever on the day of immunization?
- A. Administer the vaccine as scheduled
- B. Delay the immunization until the fever subsides
- C. Give a lower dose of the vaccine
- D. Administer an antipyretic before the vaccine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action is to delay the immunization until the fever subsides. This is because administering a vaccine during a fever may affect the body's immune response and efficacy of the vaccine. Giving a lower dose (choice C) may not provide adequate protection. Administering an antipyretic (choice D) may temporarily reduce fever but does not address the underlying illness causing the fever. Administering the vaccine as scheduled (choice A) can be harmful and is not recommended when the child has a fever.
What is the primary focus of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy?
- A. Hospital-based care
- B. Curative care only
- C. Prevention and treatment of childhood illnesses
- D. Surgical interventions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prevention and treatment of childhood illnesses. The IMCI strategy focuses on a holistic approach that includes both prevention and treatment of common childhood illnesses. It emphasizes promoting healthy practices, early detection, appropriate treatment, and follow-up care. Hospital-based care (A) is not the primary focus as IMCI aims to improve health outcomes at the community level. Curative care only (B) is also not correct as prevention is a key component of IMCI. Surgical interventions (D) are not the primary focus of IMCI, which aims to address a wide range of common childhood illnesses with a comprehensive approach.
Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for breastfeeding?
- A. Maternal HIV infection
- B. Maternal diabetes
- C. Maternal anemia
- D. Maternal hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Maternal HIV infection. Breastfeeding is contraindicated in mothers with HIV due to the risk of transmission to the infant through breast milk. HIV can be transmitted through breast milk even if the mother is on antiretroviral therapy. Maternal diabetes, anemia, and hypertension are not contraindications for breastfeeding as long as they are well managed. Breastfeeding is actually beneficial in managing diabetes and anemia. Hypertensive mothers can breastfeed unless there are complications that require specific medications that may be unsafe for the infant.
What is the primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
- A. To eliminate non-communicable diseases
- B. To increase hospital bed capacity
- C. To provide immunizations to all children
- D. To train more healthcare workers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To provide immunizations to all children. The primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is to ensure that all children receive essential vaccinations to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases. This program focuses on increasing vaccination coverage and reaching all children, especially those in underserved populations. Providing immunizations to all children helps in reducing the spread of infectious diseases and contributes to overall public health.
Incorrect choices:
A: To eliminate non-communicable diseases - This is not the primary aim of EPI. EPI primarily focuses on preventing communicable diseases through vaccinations.
B: To increase hospital bed capacity - This is not the primary goal of EPI. Increasing hospital bed capacity is related to healthcare infrastructure, not vaccination programs.
D: To train more healthcare workers - While training healthcare workers is important for delivering immunizations, it is not the primary aim of EPI. The main goal is to provide vaccinations to all children.
What is the goal of the Safe Motherhood Initiative?
- A. To reduce child mortality
- B. To improve maternal health
- C. To provide free medical services
- D. To promote exclusive breastfeeding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The goal of the Safe Motherhood Initiative is to improve maternal health. This includes reducing maternal mortality rates and ensuring safe childbirth practices. Providing free medical services (choice C) and promoting exclusive breastfeeding (choice D) are important aspects, but not the primary goal. Choice A is focused on child mortality, not maternal health. Thus, the correct answer is B as it directly aligns with the main objective of the initiative.