Nokea
Which occurs in septic shock?
- A. Hypothermia
- B. Increased cardiac output
- C. Vasoconstriction
- D. Angioneurotic edema
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased cardiac output, which results in warm, flushed skin, is one of the manifestations of septic shock. Fever and chills are characteristic of septic shock. Vasodilation is more common than vasoconstriction. Angioneurotic edema occurs as a manifestation in anaphylactic shock.
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Measuring serum potassium is essential in a child with confirmed hypertension because hyperkalemia may be seen in
- A. Liddle syndrome
- B. Gordon syndrome
- C. glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism
- D. apparent mineralocorticoid excess
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperkalemia is not typically associated with Liddle syndrome, which causes hypokalemia.
One-year-old child:
- A. Holds a raisin with a finger and thumb
- B. Drinks with a straw
- C. Tells six words with meaning
- D. Can move around holding onto furniture (cruising)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: By one year of age, most children can cruise (move around while holding onto furniture), a key milestone in motor development.
What are FOUR absolute contraindications for cardiac transplantation?
- A. Active infection
- B. Ongoing malignancy
- C. Medical non-compliance
- D. Drug abuse
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These are absolute contraindications for cardiac transplantation due to the risks of infection, poor outcomes, and non-compliance.
What is the priority nursing action for a child who is post-operative following a tonsillectomy?
- A. Provide pain management.
- B. Encourage fluid intake.
- C. Monitor for signs of bleeding.
- D. Educate the child about proper oral hygiene.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The priority after a tonsillectomy is to monitor for bleeding, as this can be a serious complication.
A 9-month-old infant has a grade III/VI, harsh, rumbling, continuous murmur in the left infraclavicular fossa and pulmonic area. A chest radiograph reveals cardiac enlargement. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner will refer the infant to a pediatric cardiologist and prepare the parents for which intervention to repair this defect?
- A. Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
- B. Coil insertion in the catheterization laboratory
- C. Indomethacin administration
- D. Observation for spontaneous closure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This murmur is characteristic of a PDA and, because of cardiac enlargement, represents a larger shunt, requiring repair. Infants older than 8 months may have a coil or plug inserted into the shunt in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.