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Which of the ff. medications might be ordered to help control symptoms of multiple sclerosis, and possibly induce a remission?
- A. Acyclovir
- B. Thyrotropin
- C. ACTH
- D. Benadryl
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C - ACTH
Rationale:
1. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) can help control symptoms and induce remission in multiple sclerosis by reducing inflammation.
2. ACTH stimulates the production of cortisol, a natural anti-inflammatory hormone.
3. By reducing inflammation in the central nervous system, ACTH can help manage symptoms and promote remission.
Summary of other choices:
A: Acyclovir - Antiviral medication used to treat herpes infections, not effective for multiple sclerosis.
B: Thyrotropin - Hormone that stimulates thyroid function, not used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
D: Benadryl - Antihistamine used for allergies and itching, not indicated for multiple sclerosis management.
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Rehabilitation plans for Mr. Gabatan;
- A. Should be left up to Mr. Gabatan and his family
- B. Should be considered and planned for early in his care
- C. Are not necessary, because he will return to former activities
- D. Are not necessary, because he will probably not able to work again Ms. J.K. is a 24-year old woman admitted to the neurosurgery floor 2 days following a hypophysectomy for a pituitary tumor. She is alert, oriented, and eager to return to her job as an executive to the hospital director. She is alert, oriented and eager to return to her job as an executive assistant to the hospital director. She calls the nurse to her room to express her concern about the frequency of urination she is experiencing, as well as the feeling of weakness that began this morning.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer B: Rehabilitation plans for Mr. Gabatan should be considered and planned for early in his care to optimize his recovery and quality of life. Planning early allows for tailored interventions to address his specific needs and goals, promoting better outcomes. Early rehabilitation can also prevent complications and improve functional abilities. By proactively addressing rehabilitation needs, Mr. Gabatan can have a smoother transition back to his daily activities.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Leaving the rehabilitation plans solely up to Mr. Gabatan and his family may not consider all aspects of his recovery and could lead to suboptimal outcomes.
C: Assuming that Mr. Gabatan will return to his former activities without a rehabilitation plan overlooks the individualized care needed for his recovery.
D: Dismissing the need for rehabilitation based on the assumption that he may not be able to work again is premature and does not account for potential improvements in his condition through appropriate rehabilitation interventions.
A client asks the nurse what PSA is. The nurse should reply that is stands for:
- A. Prostate-specific antigen, which is used to screen for prostate cancer
- B. Protein serum antigen, which is used to determine protein levels
- C. Pneumococcal strep antigen, which is bacteria that causes pneumonia
- D. Papanicolua-specific antigen, which is used to screen for cervical cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prostate-specific antigen, which is used to screen for prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and elevated levels may indicate prostate cancer. Choice B is incorrect as PSA is specific to the prostate, not protein levels. Choice C is incorrect as pneumococcal strep antigen is related to pneumonia, not PSA. Choice D is incorrect as Papanicolua-specific antigen is not a recognized term, and PSA is not used to screen for cervical cancer.
Which of the ff interventions is implemented for a client with empyema?
- A. Teach the client breathing exercises
- B. Offer assurance that empyema takes less time to resolve
- C. Recommend that the client eat a balanced but light diet
- D. Emphasize the completion of the entire course of drug therapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Emphasize the completion of the entire course of drug therapy. Empyema is a serious condition that requires antibiotic treatment. Emphasizing the completion of the entire course of drug therapy is crucial to ensure that the infection is completely eradicated and to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains. Teaching breathing exercises (choice A) may help improve lung function but is not the primary intervention for empyema. Offering assurance that empyema takes less time to resolve (choice B) is incorrect as it can mislead the client about the seriousness of the condition. Recommending a balanced but light diet (choice C) may be beneficial for overall health but is not directly related to treating empyema.
The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving antibiotics to treat a gram-negative bacterial infection. Because antibiotics destroy the body’s normal flora, the nurse must monitor the client for:
- A. Platelet dysfunction
- B. Stomatitis
- C. Oliguria and dysuria
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diarrhea. Antibiotics can disrupt the normal balance of gut bacteria, leading to diarrhea. This occurs due to the overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the intestines. Monitoring for diarrhea is crucial to prevent dehydration and further complications. Platelet dysfunction (A), stomatitis (B), and oliguria/dysuria (C) are not typically associated with the disruption of normal flora by antibiotics. These symptoms are more likely related to other conditions or side effects of medications, making them incorrect choices in this scenario.
A nurse is using the problem-oriented approach to data collection. Which action will the nurse take first?
- A. Complete the questions in chronological order.
- B. Focus on the patient’s presenting situation.
- C. Make accurate interpretations of the data.
- D. Conduct an observational overview.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the problem-oriented approach involves focusing on the patient's presenting situation to identify the main issues and prioritize data collection. This step helps the nurse understand the immediate concerns and sets the direction for further assessment and interventions.
Choice A is incorrect because completing questions in chronological order may not address the most urgent issues. Choice C is incorrect as accurate interpretations come after collecting relevant data. Choice D is incorrect as conducting an observational overview is part of the assessment process but not the first step in the problem-oriented approach.